運動或身體活動介入對認知控制功能的影響

10.6223/qcpe.2404.201012.2008

王駿濠；蔡佳良

認知控制 ； 運動 ； 身體活動 ； 錯誤相關負波

中華體育季刊

24卷4期（2010 / 12 / 01）

70 - 81

繁體中文

認知控制指的是當大腦面對環境的變化時，表現出適應性的行為以達到內在與外在環境要求的能力，可見，其對於促進人類行為發展扮演著重要的角色。因此，對於是否能藉由外在因素來促進認知控制的能力似乎是一個非常有趣的議題。已知運動與身體活動能在大腦的結構及功能層面產生正面的效益，並且能透過腦波的記錄來得到較為深入的神經機轉。因此，本文將從腦波的角度來探討運動或身體活動對認知控制的影響。經回顧文獻後發現高活動量、高心肺或高身體適能者較能因應情境的要求，而選擇性地誘發出較高或較低的錯誤相關電位（error-related negativity）振幅，以及較大的錯誤正波（Pe）波，同時能表現出較佳的錯誤反應後的行為調整，顯示了運動或身體活動可以提高人類的認知控制的可塑性，較能針對環境而做認知控制的彈性改變，而且亦能在反應錯誤或衝突後，注入較多的注意力資源以做行為表現的調整。有關ERN振幅之變化端賴實驗者之任務要求，有鑒於此，本文提出以下建議：未來相關研究須考量研究參與者特性與欲研究之認知面向有何關聯之處再做實驗設計，如此或許能夠獲得較為實証性的實驗證據。

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