功能性踝關節不穩定的成因與神經肌肉功能影響的探討

10.6223/qcpe.2502.201106.2005

錢思佑；張怡雯

反覆扭傷 ； 功能性踝關節不穩定 ； 肌肉活化模式 ； 本體感覺

中華體育季刊

25卷2期（2011 / 06 / 01）

242 - 252

繁體中文

運動時踝關節扮演著很重要的角色，尤其在下肢高衝擊性的動作，因需要同時兼顧穩定性和活動度。踝扭傷後容易反覆扭傷與關節不穩定是常見的問題，且與功能性踝關節不穩定密切相關。扭傷造成踝部韌帶上神經受器的損傷，造成神經肌肉功能或控制不良，進而影響踝關節周邊保護機制，當踝部內外翻力矩不平衡時，便無法透過關節周邊肌肉來回復適當姿勢。本文主要探討造成功能性踝關節不穩定的可能原因，其影響主要有三方面：第一是在本體感覺上的缺失，包括關節位置感覺缺失與平衡控制能力下降；第二是局部肌肉活化模式的改變，又可分爲肌電活化延遲、肌肉活化程度改變、肌肉共同收縮比值與肌力大小改變；第三是整體下肢的影響，因爲遠端踝關節的扭傷而影響近端關節肌肉的活動。若能夠釐清功能性踝關節不穩定形成的原因並加以預防，或以更加積極的方式，例如透過訓練方式來加以改善這些不利的因素，相信能夠有效減少踝關節扭傷的再度發生。

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