自我控制回饋促進動作技能學習之因素

Factors Facilitating Motor Skill Learning through Self-Controlled Feedback

10.6223/qcpe.2704.201312.1007

李淑華(Shu-Hua Lee)；林靜兒(Ching-Er Lin)

自我調整學習 ； 學習動機 ； 錯誤偵察能力 ； 動作學習 ； self-regulation learning ； learning motivation ； error detection capability ； motor learning

中華體育季刊

27卷4期（2013 / 12 / 01）

335 - 341

繁體中文

自我控制回饋係指學習者在學習過程中依照個人的需要提出回饋要求，是近年來動作學習與控制領域中令人關切的主題，許多研究證實自我控制回饋是益於保留測驗的學習變項。本文回顧相關動作學習理論與實證研究文獻，歸納自我控制回饋益於動作學習的主要因素有：（一）自我控制回饋提供適當的回饋頻率與內容；（二）自我控制回饋能提升學習動機；（三）自我控制回饋能提升錯誤偵察能力。期望提供研究者對自我控制回饋的學習效益有進一步了解，並提高其在實際教學應用的可能性。

Self-controlled feedback means that the learners could request the feedback depending on the personal needs during the learning process. It has been the popular topic on the motor learning and control area in recent years. A number of studies revealed that self-controlled feedback was a learning variable in retention test. This article was to review the theories of motor learning and empirical studies. To sum up, there were three critical factors that were beneficial to motor learning as the result of the self-controlled feedback. (1) Self-controlled feedback would provide appropriate feedback frequencies and content. (2) Self-controlled feedback facilitated the learning motivation. (3) Self-controlled feedback facilitated the error detection capability. We expect to offer researchers with more in-depth understanding on the learning benefits of self-controlled feedback, and to increase the possibility of applications on practical teaching.

1. 林尚武、卓俊伶、楊梓楣、陳重佑、葉俊良(2009)。自發錯誤估計促進自我控制回饋的動作學習效益。體育學報，42(2)，15-28。
   連結：
2. 葉俊良、卓俊伶、林靜兒、陳重佑(2007)。自我控制回饋對動作表現、學習及錯誤估計的效應。大專體育學刊，9，23-35。
   連結：
3. 葉麗琴、葉麗珠(2012)。自我決定理論在健身運動領域之驗證。大專體育學刊，14，188-196。
   連結：
4. Adams, J. A.(1971).A closed-loop theory of motor learning.Journal of Motor Behavior,3,111-149.
5. Andrieux, M.,Danna, J.,Thon, B.(2012).Self-control of task difficulty during training enhances motor learning of a complex coincidence-anticipation task.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,83,27-35.
6. Bilodeau, E. A.,Bilodeau, I. M.(1958).Variable frequency of knowledge of results and the learning of a simple skill.Journal of Experimental Psychology,55,79-383.
7. Carter, M. J.,Patterson, J. T.(2012).Self-controlled knowledge of results: Age-related differences in motor learning, strategies, and error detection.Human Movement Science,31,1459-1472.
8. Chiviacowsky, S.,Wulf, G.(2002).Self-controlled feedback: Does it enhance learning because performers get feedback when they need it?.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,73,408-415.
9. Chiviacowsky, S.,Wulf, G.(2005).Self-controlled feedback is effective if it is based on the learner's performance.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,76,42-48.
10. Chiviacowsky, S.,Wulf, G.(2007).Feedback after good trials enhances learning.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,78,40-47.
11. Chiviacowsky, S.,Wulf, G.,Laroque de Medeiros, F.,Kaefer, A.,Wally, R.(2008).Self-controlled feedback in 10-year old children: Higher feedback frequencies enhance learning.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,79,122-127.
12. Chiviacowsky, S.,Wulf, G.,Lewthwaite, R.(2012).Self-controlled learning: The importance of protecting perceptions of competence.Frontiers in Psychology,3,458.
13. Deci, E. L.,Ryan, R. N.(1985).Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior.New York, NY:Plenum Press.
14. Green, S.,Sherwood, D. E.(2000).The benefits of random variable practice for accuracy and temporal error detection in a rapid aiming task.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,71,398-402.
15. Janelle, C. M.,Barba, D. A.,Frehlich, S. G.,Tennant, L. K.,Cauraugh, J. H.(1997).Maximizing performance feedback effectiveness through videotape replay and a self-controlled learning environment.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,68,269-279.
16. Janelle, C. M.,Kim, J.,Singer, R. N.(1995).Subject-controlled performance feedback and learning of a closed motor skill.Perceptual and Motor Skills,81,627-634.
17. Lee, A. M.,Keh, N. C.,Magill, R. A.(1993).Instructional effects of teacher feedback in physical education.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,12,228-243.
18. Magill, R. A.(2011).Motor learning and control.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
19. Pintrich, P. R.(1995).Understanding self-regulated learning.New Directions for Teaching and Learning,63,3-12.
20. Salmoni, A. W.,Schmidt, R. A.,Walter, C. B.(1984).Knowledge of results and motor learning: A review and critical reappraisal.Psychological Bulletin,95,355-386.
21. Sanli, E. A.,Patterson, J. T.,Bray, S. R.,Lee, T. D.(2013).Understanding self-controlled motor learning protocols through the self-determination theory.Frontiers in Psychology,3,611.
22. Schmidt, R. A.(1975).A Schema theory of discrete motor skill learning.Psychological Review,82,225-260.
23. Schmidt, R. A.,Wrisberg, C. A.(2008).Motor learning and performance: A situation-based learning approach.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
24. Singer, R. N.(Ed.),Hausenblas, H. A.(Ed.),Janelle, C. M.(Ed.)(2001).Handbook of sport psychology.New York, NY:John Wiley & Sons.
25. Zimmerman, B. J.(2002).Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview.Theory Into Practice,41,64-70.
26. Zimmerman, B. J.(1989).A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning.Journal of Educational Psychology,81,329-339.
27. 方正銘(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，國立臺灣師範大學。
28. 張春興(2011)。張氏心理學辭典。臺北市:東華。
29. 顧毓群(1989)。閉鎖環動作學習理論之評析。中華體育季刊，2(5)，25-31。

1. 蔡銘仁、張至滿、卓俊伶、吳詩薇(2016)。摘要結果獲知的時近訊息有利於自我控制學習。大專體育學刊，18(1)，14-26。
2. 梁嘉音,林幸樺,卓俊伶,吳詩薇(2022)。自我控制回饋頻率的限制效應：動作表現與學習。大專體育學刊，24(2)，271-286。
3. 莊鑫裕(2017)。漂浮滑行教學對捷泳學習成效影響之行動研究。台東大學體育學報，26，41-58。