臺灣與日本中等學校體育師資培育及任用制度之比較

Comparisons of physical education teacher education and appointment system between Taiwanese and Japanese secondary schools

10.3966/102473002017093103001

鍾建何(Chien-Ho Chung)；林靜萍(Ching-Ping Lin)

師資培育 ； 比較教育 ； 教育政策 ； teacher education ； comparative education ； education policy

中華體育季刊

31卷3期（2017 / 09 / 01）

189 - 197

繁體中文

本文旨在以比較教育的方式，探討日本與臺灣體育師資培育與任用，研究結果：一、日本在修畢學程即可獲得教師證；臺灣則必須通過教師檢定考。二、臺灣教師證無期限，且無種類劃分；日本教師證細分三種類型，並規定有效期限為10 年。三、日本教師甄選有性向測驗及初任教師條款，初步汰換不適任教師。臺灣則考上正式教師後即為終生錄用。四、日本教師甄試有術科績優考試，臺灣則為專長教師考試，但門檻相較於日本低。五、日本對於不適任教師定義，主要在教學能力部分；臺灣主要在是否觸犯刑事責任，對於教師教學能力並無著墨。建議：一、設立期限更新教師證及細分種類，鼓勵教師取得更高等教師證，亦可促進教師回流教育。二、參考日本初任教師試用一年制，可篩選出教師檢定、甄試不易檢測出的優良教師人格特質，維持教師素質及淘汰不適任教師。三、提高體育專長教師運動績優標準，亦可提供運動績優選手另一個管道從事教職。四、完善規劃不適任教師輔導、退場機制，汰換不適任教師，除保障學生受教品質，亦能提供對教育抱有熱忱的新進體育教師更多的機會。

The study is aimed to investigate physical education teacher education and appointment system in Taiwan and Japan through comparative education. The results indicated that; 1. In Japan, a teacher certification can be achieved after completing the teacher-training program, while in Taiwan, it can only be achieved after passing a teacher examination; 2. teacher certification in Japan is categorized into three types and the validity period is limited for ten years; the certification in Taiwan, in contrast, has no classification and no expiry date; 3. teacher-recruiting process in Japan includes aptitude test and terms of beginning teachers, which acts as the first step to eliminate inappropriate candidates while passing the teacher exam in Taiwan means career-long employment; 4. The Japanese teacher-recruiting process is an examination which adds on rewarded sportsmen points, while the Taiwanese recruiting process is an examination based on the candidate's specialty, which has a lower threshold; 5. inappropriate teachers in Japan are evaluated by teaching quality; however, in Taiwan they are mainly judged by whether violate criminal law or not without evaluation of teaching quality. As mentioned above, I suggest that there are four methods which may be helpful to improve teacher education and appointment system in Taiwan: 1. setting up validation period to renew teacher certification and classifying the certification into several kinds may encourage teachers to gain higher level of certification and to come back for education; 2. adopting Japanese beginning teacher's system, one-year probation period, which may find out the characteristics of good teacher that exam and assessment cannot tell to maintain teacher quality and to filter out inappropriate one; 3. enhancing the exercise performance standard of physical education teacher which may be another channel for sportsmen with good performance to become teachers; 4. planning the system of counselling to help inappropriate teachers change their career which can both maintain the teaching quality and give more opportunities for beginning physical education teacher with enthusiasm towards education.

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