多物體追蹤任務與競技運動

Multiple object tracking and competitive sport

10.6223/qcpe.202109_35(3).0005

廖尹雯(Ee-Won Liew)；江慶修(Ching-Hsiu Chiang)；吳昇光(Sheng K Wu)

多物體追蹤 ； 注意力 ； 運動選才 ； multiple objects tracking ； attention ； talent identification in sport

中華體育季刊

35卷3期（2021 / 09 / 01）

187 - 196

繁體中文

近年來運動科學家針對運動選手知覺能力與運動表現之間的關係進行探討，研究注意力對於選手競技運動表現的影響，並以此項能力作為運動選才的參考指標之一。Pylyshyn與Strom於1988年提出多物體追蹤任務的模型，解釋人類在日常生活中注意力維持與分配的能力。近30年間的研究進一步發現，物體數目、移動速度、形狀、顏色、甚至彼此之間的距離，都是影響追蹤表現的因素。除了以實驗心理學理論建構面向的探討，有學者透過此項任務發現不同層級運動選手、不同守備位置選手在多物體追蹤能力上出現差異，並指出多物體追蹤的能力可以被訓練且能達到轉移至實際場域的作用。本文藉由回顧相關文獻，探討運動選手及多物體追蹤能力的關係，除提供運動科學家未來進行認知與運動科學相結合之研究方向，也能協助教練及選手作為選才以及訓練效益之評估參考。

The relationship between athletes' perceptual abilities and sport performance has discussed by sport scientist in recent years. Researchers have investigated the influence of attention on sports performance and attempted to use this ability as a reference indicator of talent identification in sports. Pylyshyn and Storm (1988) proposed the paradigm of Multiple Objects Tracking (MOT) to explain the ability of maintaining and controlling the attention during daily activities. Researches from past decades discovered that the number, shifting speed, shape, color, distance of the objects may alter the tracking accuracy. Studies have identified that athletes of different levels and players in different positions have differences performance on MOT task, and also pointed out that the ability of multiple object tracking can be trained and has transfer effect to the field. This review article provided the direction for sports scientists examine future studies of combining cognitive science and sports science, in order to assist coaches and athletes in talent identification and sports training.

1. 王國鑌,陳泰廷,黃崇儒,洪聰敏(2015)。鏡像神經元之旅：以 Mu 節律探討動作技能學習與運動表現。臺灣運動心理學報，15(2)，127-147。
   連結：
2. 卓君晶,吳昇光(2011)。運動視覺在競技運動上的應用。大專體育，117，70-76。
   連結：
3. Akarsu, S.,Caliskan, E.,Dane, S.(2009).Athletes have faster eye-hand visual reaction times and higher scores on visuospatial intelligence than non-athletes.Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences,39,871-874.
4. Alvarez, G. A.,Cavanagh, P.(2005).Independent resources for attentional tracking in the left and right visual hemifields.American Psychological Society,16(8),637-643.
5. Alvarez, G. A.,Franconeri, S.L.(2007).How many objects can you track? Evidence for a resource-limited attentive tracking mechanism.Journal of Vision,7(13),14.
6. Chaddock, L.,Neider, M.B.,Voss, M. W.,Gaspar, J. G.,Kramer, A. F.(2011).Do athletes excel at everyday tasks?.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,43(10),1920-1926.
7. Chen, W. Y.,Howe, P. D.,Holcombe, A. O.(2013).Resource demands of object tracking and differential allocation of the resource.Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics,75(4),710-725.
8. Chen, W. Y.,Wu, S. K.,Song, T. F.,Chou, K. M.,Wang, K. Y.,Chang, Y. C.,Goodbourn, P. T.(2017).Perceptual and motor performance of combat-sport athletes differs according to specific demands of the discipline.Perceptual and Motor Skills,124(1),293-313.
9. Chermann, J. F.,Romeas, T.,Marty, F.,Faubert, J(2018).Perceptual-cognitive three-dimensional multiple-object tracking task can help the monitoring of sport-related concussion.BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine,4(1),e000384.
10. Erickson, K. I.,Hillman, C. H.,Kramer, A. F.(2015).Physical activity, brain, and cognition.Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences,4,27-32.
11. Faubert, J.(2013).Professional athletes have extraordinary skill for rapidly learning complex and neutral dynamic visual scenes.Scientific Reports,3(1)
12. Faubert, J.,Sidebottom, L.(2012).Perceptual-cognitive training of athletes.Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology,6(1),85-102.
13. Horowitz, T. S.,Klieger, S. B.,Fencsik, D. E.,Yang, K. K.,Alvarez, G. A.,Wolfe, J. M.(2007).Tracking unique objects.Perception and Psychophysics,69(2),172-184.
14. Luck, S. J.,Hillyard, S. A.,Mangun, G. R.,Gazzaniga, M. S.(1989).Independent hemispheric attentional system mediate visual search in split-brain patients.Letters to Nature,342(6249),543-545.
15. Makovskit, T.,Jiang, Y. V.(2009).The role of visual working memory in attentive tracking of unique objects.Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance,35(6),1687-1697.
16. Mangine, G. T.,Hoffman, J. R.,Wells, A. J.,Gonzalez, A. M.,Rogowski, J. P.,Townsend, J. R.,Stout, J. R.(2014).Visual tracking speed is related to basketball-specific measures of performance in NBA players.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,28(9),2406-2414.
17. Martin, A.,Sfer, A. M.,D'Urso Villar, M. A,Barraza, J. F.(2017).Position affects performance in multiple-object tracking in rugby union players.Frontiers in Psychology,8,1494.
18. Meyerhoff, H. S.,Papenmeier, F.,Huff, M.(2017).Studying visual attention using the multiple object tracking paradigm: A tutorial review.Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics,79(5),1255-1274.
19. Parsons, B.,Magill, T.,Boucher, A.,Zhang M.,Zogbo, K.,Berube, S.,Faubert, J.(2014).Enhancing cognitive function using perceptual-cognitive training.EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society,47(1),37-47.
20. Pylyshyn, Z. W.,Storm, R. W.(1988).Tracking multiple independent targets: Evidence for a parallel tracking mechanism.Spatial Vision,3(3),179-197.
21. Qiu, F.,Pi, Y.,Liu, K.,Li, X.,Zhang, J.,Wu, Y.(2018).Influence of sports expertise level on attention in multiple object tracking.Brian and Cognition,6,5732.
22. Rogers, T. J.,Landers, D. M.(2005).Mediating effects of peripheral vision in the life event stress/athletic injury relationship.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,27(3),271-288.
23. Romeas, T.,Guldner, A.,Faubert, J.(2016).3Dmultiple object tracking task performance improves passing decision-making accuracy in soccer players.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,22,1-9.
24. Scimeca, J. M.,Franconeri, S. L.(2015).Selecting and tracking multiple objects.WIREs Cognitive Science,6(2),109-118.
25. Vestberg, T.,Reinebo, G.,Maurex, L.,Ingvar, M.,Petrovic, P.(2017).Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players.Plos One,12(2)
26. Wang, K. P.,Cheng, M. Y.,Chen, T. T.,Chang, Y. K.,Huang, C. J.,Feng, J.,Ren, J.(2019).Experts’ successful psychomotor performance was characterized by effective switch of motor and attentional control.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,43,374-379.
27. Wang, K. P.,Frank, C.,Tsai, Y. Y.,Lin, K. H.,Chen, T. T.,Cheng, M. Y.,Schack, T.(2021).Superior performance in skilled golfers characterized by dynamic neuromotor processes related to attentional focus.Frontiers in Psychology,12,633228.
28. Wicken, C. D.(1992).Introduction to engineering psychology and human performance.Engineering Psychology and Human Performance,New York:
29. 王靜,李杰,張禹(2018)。足球運動員在動態追蹤任務中的追蹤表現和注意分配特點。天津體育學院學報，33(2)，139-147。
30. 陳威穎,吳昇光(2014)。以訊息處理能力作為運動選材的基礎。國立臺灣體育運動大學學報，3(1)，65-78。

1. 廖尹雯,陳威穎,宋岱芬,吳昇光,江慶修(2022)。不同截擊性運動選手的多物體追蹤能力。大專體育學刊，24(4)，530-545。
2. 廖尹雯,陳威穎,宋岱芬,吳昇光,江慶修(2022)。桌球選手慣用手對側視野物體追蹤能力之影響。大專體育學刊，24(3)，391-405。
3. 謝瑋俐,高士竣,王駿濠(2022)。跆拳道運動表現的體、技、智─試論抑制控制之重要性。中華體育季刊，36(4)，363-374。