螺絲製造業勞工之油霧滴暴露濃度與粒徑分布特徵研究

Concentration and Particle Size Distribution of Oil Mists Exposed to Fastening Industry Workers

10.7005/JOSH.200603.0008

陳美如(Mei-Ru Chen)；石東生(Tung-Sheng Shih)；李文智(Wen-Jhy Lee)；張志欽(Chih-Ching Chang)；蔡朋枝(Perng-Jy Tsai)

螺絲製造業 ； 油霧滴 ； 暴露評估 ； 粒徑分布 ； Fastening industry ； Oil mist ； Particle size distribution ； Exposure assessment

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

14卷1期（2006 / 03 / 01）

8 - 16

繁體中文

The present study was designed to assess the concentration and particle size distribution of oil mist exposure of workers in the fastening industry. An IOM personal inhalable aerosol sampler was used to collect 17, 11, and 6 personal oil mist samples from workers in the forming, tapping, and heat treatment process, respectively. For each process, particle-size-segregating samples of oil mist were collected simultaneously by a modified cascade impactor, with a total of 4 samples being obtained. Results showed that the concentrations of worker exposure in the three processes were: tapping (2.11mg/m^3)＞forming (1.58mg/m^3)＞heat treatment (0.0801mg/m^3). These concentrations were lower than the current time-weighted-average threshold limit value (TLV-TWA=5mg/m^3) and time-weighted-average permissible exposure limit value (PEL-TWA=5mg/m^3) of oil mist. The particle size distribution of oil mist from the three processes was consistent with bimodal distribution. The fraction of fine particles, which were formed by the evaporation and condensation of metalworking fluids, was found with aerodynamic diameters (dae) of 0.310~0.501μm. The coarse fraction was formed by the impaction of metalworking fluids with tools and fasteners, and had a dae of 8.16~13.0μm.. The concentration ratios of fine/coarse oil mists from the three processes were 2.77 for tapping, 1.65 for forming, and 1.20 for heat treatment. The fractions of oil mist exposure from the three processes to different areas of workers' respiratory tracts were: alveolar (66.9-77.9%)＞head (14.5-19.1%)＞trachea bronchial (7.56-15.8%). The estimated concentrations of respirable oil mist for workers in the forming and tapping processes were 1.34mg/m^3 and 1.40mg/m^3, which were higher than the concentration known for ”increased risk of pulmonary injury” (0.20mg/m^3). The results warrant the adoption of suitable methods of engineering control or personal protective equipment to reduce the exposure of workers, especially for the fine fraction.

The present study was designed to assess the concentration and particle size distribution of oil mist exposure of workers in the fastening industry. An IOM personal inhalable aerosol sampler was used to collect 17, 11, and 6 personal oil mist samples from workers in the forming, tapping, and heat treatment process, respectively. For each process, particle-size-segregating samples of oil mist were collected simultaneously by a modified cascade impactor, with a total of 4 samples being obtained. Results showed that the concentrations of worker exposure in the three processes were: tapping (2.11mg/m^3)＞forming (1.58mg/m^3)＞heat treatment (0.0801mg/m^3). These concentrations were lower than the current time-weighted-average threshold limit value (TLV-TWA=5mg/m^3) and time-weighted-average permissible exposure limit value (PEL-TWA=5mg/m^3) of oil mist. The particle size distribution of oil mist from the three processes was consistent with bimodal distribution. The fraction of fine particles, which were formed by the evaporation and condensation of metalworking fluids, was found with aerodynamic diameters (dae) of 0.310~0.501μm. The coarse fraction was formed by the impaction of metalworking fluids with tools and fasteners, and had a dae of 8.16~13.0μm.. The concentration ratios of fine/coarse oil mists from the three processes were 2.77 for tapping, 1.65 for forming, and 1.20 for heat treatment. The fractions of oil mist exposure from the three processes to different areas of workers' respiratory tracts were: alveolar (66.9-77.9%)＞head (14.5-19.1%)＞trachea bronchial (7.56-15.8%). The estimated concentrations of respirable oil mist for workers in the forming and tapping processes were 1.34mg/m^3 and 1.40mg/m^3, which were higher than the concentration known for ”increased risk of pulmonary injury” (0.20mg/m^3). The results warrant the adoption of suitable methods of engineering control or personal protective equipment to reduce the exposure of workers, especially for the fine fraction.

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