國道女性收費人員的輪班工作狀態與睡眠品質以及工作壓力之相關性

Association of Shift-time Schedule with Sleep Quality and Work Stress in the Tollway Station Female Workers

10.7005/JOSH.200809.0233

林佩蓁(Pei-Chen Lin)；洪信嘉(Hsin-Chia Hung)；潘致弘(Chih-Hong Pan)；陳秋蓉(Chiou-Jong Chen)；石東生(Tung-Sheng Shih)；吳明蒼(Ming-Tsang Wu)

輪班工作 ； 睡眠品質 ； 付出回饋失衡模式 ； Shift work ； Sleep quality ； Effort-reward imbalance model

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

16卷3期（2008 / 09 / 01）

233 - 245

繁體中文

本研究的主要目的為調查國道女性收費人員的輪班工作狀態與睡眠品質以及工作壓力之相關性。研究對象為20-45歲的國道女性收費員，採用自填式問卷，問卷調查時間從2006年4月至7月，實際分析資料共478份。研究問卷收集內容包含基本資料、最近二個月不同工作班別之工作總天數、換班間隔休息天數，以匹茲堡睡眠品質量表評估睡眠品質及付出回饋失衡模式評估工作壓力，進行輪班狀況分別對睡眠品質與工作壓力的關係探討。分析結果顯示國道收費員平均年齡31.3±5.4歲，均從事輪班且無固定於某一工作班別，工作年資大多集中於5∼9年間，經調整年齡、工作年資與婚姻狀況，收費員輪班制度中大夜班換班間隔不同與二個月累積休假天數，分別在睡眠品質與每日平均睡眠時數上有顯著差異，以匹茲堡睡眠品質量表得分大於5分定義睡眠品質不良，在發生睡眠品質不良上，大夜班換班間隔≦1天比≧2天有較高的危險比(OR=1.63, p=0.0455)。付出回饋失衡模式中，付出／回饋之比值＞1表示個人對於因應工作上已產生壓力，當二個月累計大夜班天數達21天以上比＜15天產生工作壓力的危險比為3.36(p=0.0231) 國道收費員因換班間隔短、累計休假天數少以及大夜班工作天數過多，會呈現出比較差的睡眠品質以及工作上出現壓力。未來應研究如何在輪班制度設計上調整以及施行其他可能的措施，以進一步降低輪班工作對於睡眠與工作壓力的衝擊。

This study examined the relationship between shift work schedule and sleep quality, and work stress among highway toll-station female workers. This cross-sectional survey conducted in April-July of 2006 included 478 female workers in 20-45 years of age working at the toll stations of the First and Third Highways. Each participant completed a questionnaire for information on demographic characteristics, work schedule in recent two months, sleep quality, and work stress. Sleep quality in the most recent 2 weeks was evaluated using Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and the work stress was measured based on effort-reward imbalance model. The effort to reward ratio larger than 1 (E/R＞1) meant the increased work stress. Mean age (±SD) was 31.3 (±5.4) years of age. We found that all study subjects were rotation shift workers and 38.7% of them had worked at the stations for 5~9 years. After controlling for age, years of work, and martial status, the night shift workers who were off work for rest only 24 hours or less had a 1.63-fold risk (p=0.0455) of poor sleep quality (PSQI＞5), compared with those who were off for 2 days or longer. In addition, compared to subjects with less than 15 nigh shifts in 2 months, those with at least 21 night shifts had a 3.36-fold risk (p=0.0231) to have imbalanced effort and reward (E/R＞1). Our findings suggest a short rest between work shifts of working schedule and the burdened night shifts may be associated with poor sleep quality and increased work stress for the toll station female workers. A future study should examine how to modify the rotation work shift schedule to decrease the impact of poor sleep quality and work stress burden.

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