甲苯與甲醇於製程中之燃爆特性研究

Flammability Characteristics Studies on Toluene and Methanol Mixtures with Different Vapor Ratios

10.7005/JOSH.200903.0112

吳修緣(Siou-Yuan Wu)；湯士傑(Shih-Jie Tang)；李家慶(Jia-Ching Lee)；張益銘(Yen-Chun Cheng)；雲瑞龍(Ray-Lung Yun)；徐啓銘(Chi-Min Shu)

20升爆炸鋼球20-L-apparatus ； 甲苯與甲醇混合物 ； 燃爆特性 ； 火災爆炸 ； Flammability characteristics ； Toluene and methanol mixtures ； 20-L-Apparatus ； Fire and

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

17卷1期（2009 / 03 / 01）

112 - 117

繁體中文

為了預防火災與爆炸意外發生，在石化廠代工廠，甚至日常之居住環境中，常可見針對可燃性或易燃性化學物質之防火防爆安全設計。作為防止製程工業意外之基礎，必須對此類可燃性、易燃性化學物質之燃爆特性進行深入研究，瞭解相關材料之本質安全，以作為防火防爆安全設計之參考。 本研究使用20升爆炸鋼球(20-L-apparatus)來探討雙成份甲苯(toluene)與甲醇 (methanol)混合物相關燃爆特性，利用其在初始壓力1大氣壓及溫度150℃下，針對不同蒸氣比率濃度（100/0、75/25、50/50、25/75 與 0/100 vol.%）以探討其相關製程之燃爆參數，包括爆炸下限(lower explosion limit, LEL)、爆炸上限(upper explosion limit, UEL)、最大爆炸壓力值(maximumexplosion pressure, P(下標 max))、最大爆炸壓力上昇速率(rate of maximum explosion pressure rise, (dP/dt)( 下標 max))及燃爆指標(gas or vapor deflagration index, K(下標 g))。 由實驗研究結果顯示，當甲醇含量增加時，其混合物之燃爆範圍及各項燃爆參數皆明顯提昇，藉由此次研究獲得甲苯與甲醇混合物一系列之燃爆參數，以提供製程之安全相關資訊，防止火災爆炸等相關危害事故發生。

The flammability characteristics of chemical substances are very important for safety considerations in manufacturing processes. This study investigated the mixing of toluene and methanol mixtures with five vapor mixing ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 vol.%) at initial condition of 1 atm and 150℃ and determined the flammability properties to identify their potential fire and explosion hazards. These safety-related parameters included lower explosion limit (LEL), upper explosion limit (UEL), maximum explosion overpressure (P(subscript max)), rate of maximum explosion pressure rise ((dP/dt)(subscript max))), and gas or vapor deflagration index (K(subscript g)); all of them were measured by a 20-L-Apparatus. In terms of flammability tests of this research, the experimental results indicated that when methanol was increased, which could induce a higher range of flammability, afterwards the situation could be triggered to a dangerous level, such as fire or explosion. Based on the abovementioned, we could obtain a series of flammability properties and provide inherently safer design in related industrial processes for preventing serious fire and explosion accidents.