電梯安裝人員肌肉骨骼不適之人因研究

Ergonomics Study of Musculoskeletal Injuries for Elevator Assembler

10.7005/JOSH.200903.0029

吳水丕(Swi-Pi Wu)；金清華(Ching-Hua Chin)；林岳勳(Yueh-Hsun Lin)

電梯工程 ； 肌肉骨骼傷害 ； NMQ問卷 ； BRIEF檢核表 ； Elevator engineering ； Musculoskeletal injuries ； NMQ questionnaire ； BRIEF checklist

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

17卷1期（2009 / 03 / 01）

29 - 49

繁體中文

本研究旨在評估電梯業現場安裝人員之肌肉骨骼不適及風險因素。首先，以NMQ問卷調查兩家電梯業從業人員，共發出186份問卷（為了比較起見，特別調查22位行政人員）。結果發現安裝人員自述身體部位有不適症狀者佔85.6%，其中自覺身體肌肉骨骼不適部位以下背部49.2%為最高；行政人員自述身體部位有不適症狀者72.2%，其中自覺身體肌肉骨骼不適部位以右肩膀61.1%為最高。安裝人員肌肉骨骼不適方面有53.5%認為一部分與工作有關。研究結果亦顯示不同公司之安裝人員其工作類型與作業方式相似，且肌肉骨骼傷害之不適部位及比例，無顯著差異。但同一公司之安裝人員與一般行政人員，因工作類型不同其肌肉骨骼不適比率與不適部位有顯著差異。安裝人員肌肉骨骼不適方面有53.5%認為一部份與工作有關。此外，研究結果亦發現，安裝人員有無肌肉骨骼不適和有無運動有顯著相關。 更進一步的工作觀察與BRIEF檢核表分析結果顯示，高風險危害部位以右手／手腕最高佔94.6%，其次為左手／手腕與頸部佔83.9%，背部與右肩膀佔80.1%，顯示雙手／手腕、頸部、背部及右肩膀有較高比例的潛在危害。BRIEF檢核表在頸部、肩膀、背部等部位所檢核出之結果與問卷之結果一致。 整體而言，電梯安裝人員之肌肉骨骼不適比一般行政人員和全產業者為高，其風險因子為受限的工作空間、不良的工作姿勢、大量且笨拙的使用手工具、搬運重物及使用震動工具等因素。

The purpose of this study is to evaluate musculoskeletal injuries and their risk factors of onsite elevator assemblers. The first, a total of 186 NMQ questionnaires were distributed to on-site assemblers in two elevator companies. In order to make a comparison, 22 administrative personnel were also surveyed. After analyzing the data, this study found that 85.6% of assembler reported physical discomforts. Of which, musculoskeletal discomforts in the lower back had the highest percentage of reporting at 49.2%. 72.2% of administrative personnel reported physical discomforts. Of which, musculoskeletal discomforts in the right shoulder had the highest percentage of reporting, at 61.1%. The results of the study also showed that for assemblers working in different companies but with similar type of work and operation, there is no significant difference in the locations and the proportion of musculoskeletal injuries. But for the assemblers and administrative personnel working in the same company, there is a significant difference in the locations and proportion of musculoskeletal discomforts due to different types of work involved. 53.5% of assemblers believe the musculoskeletal discomforts to be partially work related, while 31.5% considered it completely related. This indicates that 85% of the discomforts are related to work. Also, the study also found that by assemblers suffering physical discomforts is significantly related to exercise. Further observations and BRIEF checklist analysis showed the right hand/wrist to be at the highest risk for injury, at 94.6%. It is followed by the left hand/wrist and the neck, at 83.9%, and the back and right shoulder, at 80.1%. This indicates that the hands/wrists, neck, back and right shoulder had higher potentials for injury. The results from the BRIEF checklist in examining the neck, shoulder and back were identical with that of the questionnaire survey. Overall, the proportion of musculoskeletal discomforts for on-site elevator assemblers is higher than that of ordinary administrative personnel and the entire industry. The risk factors include restricted work space, improper work posture, heavy use of hand tools and lifting heavy objects.

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