廢電子電器拆解回收業勞工多溴二苯醚暴露評估

Exposure Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers for Workers of Electronics Dismantling and Recycling Plant

10.7005/JOSH.200903.0079

陳重羽(Chung-Yu Chen)；林翊嘉(Yi-Chia Lin)；吳幸娟(Hsing-Chuan Wu)；李聯雄(Lien-Hsiung Li)；石東生(Tung-Sheng Shih)；李俊璋(Ching-Chang Lee)

廢電子電器拆解回收業 ； 血液 ； 空氣 ； 多溴二苯醚 ； 暴露評估 ； Electronics dismantling and recycling plant ； Serum ； Airborne ； PBDEs ； Exposure

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

17卷1期（2009 / 03 / 01）

79 - 93

繁體中文

本研究旨在了解廢電子電器拆解回收業作業環境空氣及勞工血液多溴二苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)濃度與勞工健康影響相關性。本研究以某廢電子電器及廢資訊物品處理量較高之資源回收廠為研究對象，共分兩階段進行勞工血液及環境空氣中22種PBDEs檢測。第一階段先進行勞工血液PBDEs、13項生化及5項荷爾蒙檢測，並配合健康、飲食及時間－活動模式問卷調查，確認勞工確實受到PBDEs暴露後，進行第二階段作業環境空氣檢測，以釐清暴露來源，最後整合所有資料進行環境暴露及健康影響評估。該廠勞工依職務及暴露可能性區分為廢電子電器組、廢資訊物品組及行政人員組三組，三組勞工血液中PBDEs平均濃度分別為39.22、128.13與48.11 ng/g lipid，以廢資訊物品組測得濃度最高。廢電子電器組、廢資訊物品組及行政人員組作業環境空氣中多溴二苯醚之平均濃度分別為56.28、31.03與16.28 ng/立方公尺，以廢電子電器組測得濃度最高。空氣及血液樣本中均含有的主要同源物包括BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-153、BDE-183、BDE-197，但可能因PBDEs同源物半衰期不同，致高低順序不一致。勞工血液13項生化檢查結果顯示，膽固醇測值在三組間達顯著差異(p=0.046)，而加瑪胺醯轉移酵素（GGT）則在廢資訊物品拆解組及行政人員組間達顯著差異(p= 0.046)。5項荷爾蒙則顯示廢資訊物品組甲狀腺刺激素(TSH)異常偏低的比例高達30.8%但未達顯著差異。此外，由於三組暴露族群中在部份飲食項目有顯著差異，因此本研究中尚無法完全排除飲食對於勞工血液PBDEs濃度影響。研究結果顯示廢電子電器拆解回收業因職場空氣中高溴數PBDE的暴露而導致勞工血液中高溴數PBDE濃度上升。建議應加強拆解過程逸散粉塵之收集及處理，並應強制勞工佩戴足以防制固相多溴二苯醚之呼吸防護具，以減少作業時之暴露。同時，廢資訊物品拆解勞工TSH異常率偏高，建議未來對該行業勞工應將甲狀腺功能檢查列入定期健康檢查項目。

To determine the relationship between airborne and serum Polybrominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) levels with health index of workers in electronics dismantling and recycling plant, an electronics dismantling and recycling plant with high operation rate was chosen as a research subject. The serum PBDEs levels of workers were measured. The health outcomes, exposure matrix and time activity pattern of workers were collected with questionnaires. Thirteen blood biochemistry examinations and five hormones were examined. Airborne PBDEs in the working environment were sampled and measured. All the results were integrated to conduct the occupational PBDEs exposure and health effects assessment for workers. According to the job categories and PBDEs exposure possibility, all recruited workers were divided into three groups, including electric appliances dismantling workers, computer dismantling workers, officers. The average serum PBDEs concentrations in electric appliances dismantling workers, computer dismantling workers, and officers were 39.22, 128.13 and 48.11 ng/g lipid, respectively. The average ambient PBDEs concentrations of electric appliances dismantling workers, computer dismantling workers, and officers were 56.28, 31.03, and 16.28 ng/m^3, respectively. The dominant congeners (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153, BDE-183, and BDE-197) in air revealed the similar trend in serum samples. However, significant consumption differences of some kinds of food were found among three groups. Therefore, The food consumption couldn't exclude as contribution sources of serum PBDEs for the workers. The cholesterol level showed significant differences among three groups (p =0.046). Gamma Glutamy Transferase (GGT) level also showed significant differences (p=0.046) between officers and computer dismantling workers. The results of hormones examination revealed high abnormal rate (30.8%) in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in computer dismantling workers. Due to heavy emission and high possibility to inhale highly brominated PBDEs from dismantling process, we suggested that effective collection and control of fugitive emission of particles in the workplace and enforcement the usage of personal protective equipments will be needed. Meanwhile, we suggested that TSH examination should be assigned in the annually health examination for dismantling workers.