光電式局限型第二種探測器有效性之評估

The Evaluation of Availability of Type Two Photoelectrical Smoke Detectors

10.7005/JOSH.201109.0448

吳聰敏(Tsung-Ming Wu)；何三平(San-Ping Ho)；張慧蓓(Hue-Pei Chang)

偵煙式探測器 ； 煙感度試驗 ； 加煙動作時間 ； 探測器誤動作 ； Smoke detectors ； Smoke actuation test ； Smoke sensitivity test ； Smoke actuation

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

19卷3期（2011 / 09 / 01）

448 - 456

繁體中文

火警探測器，乃火警自動警報設備系統構件中，相當重要之感知元件。其性能良好與否，亦關係著該系統能否發揮其早期偵知火災之功能。然吾人發現，國內現行「消防安全設備檢修申報及作業基準」中，對於偵煙式局限型探測器之煙感度試驗項目，並無明確之合格判定範圍值，而加煙動作試驗項目對第二種偵煙式探測器所規定之合格動作時間為60秒，但實驗結果發現新品偵煙式探測器均在10至20秒內作動。由實驗結果亦發現，偵煙式探測器之煙感度數值，並未隨裝置使用時間之增長而衰退，而在一定範圍內變化其數值；加煙動作時間值則隨裝置使用時間之增長或裝置場所特性，而使其動作時間呈快速作動之趨勢。此種結果顯示，有關偵煙式局限型探測器性能之合格判定，若藉由煙感度試驗器對其進行煙感度試驗，並無法有效得知該探測器之良好與否，而經由加煙試驗器對偵煙式局限型探測器進行加煙動作試驗所得之動作時間值在3.5秒以內時需更換探測器，而加煙試驗探測器動作時間位於3.5-20秒內為合格之探測器，此結果可作為修正檢修基準探測器合格之判定基準。

Fire detectors are very important devices in automatic detection systems. It is not appropriate to evaluate the availability of detectors by their smoke actuation time in smoke standard test. The actuation time of standard test is 60 seconds for type two, but 20 seconds was found the better criteria for this type of detectors. Smoke actuation test and sensitivity test are always used to evaluate the availability of smoke detectors. The sensitivity of smoke detectors all fit in the required range of sensitivity test for different ages of detectors, so this test cannot be applied to judge the availability of used detectors. A detector, which smoke actuation time is 4 seconds, is judged as a failure detector in a smoke actuation test. The detector should be replaced to avoid the false-alarm in the future when its smoke actuation time less than 3.5 seconds in the smoke actuation test. The detector can be judged in a good condition when its actuation time is between 3.5 seconds and 20 seconds for type two smoke detectors in smoke actuation test. This result can be used as the standard for replacing the used detectors in smoke actuation test based on the requirement of smoke detection in fire code.

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