焊接燻煙健康危害新視界

New Frontier in Health Effects of Welding Fume

10.7005/JOSH.201209.0383

楊秀宜(Show-Yi Yang)；陳家揚(Chia-Yang Chen)；李聯雄(Lien-Hsiung Lee)；張靜文(Ching-Wen Chang)

焊接燻煙 ； 健康危害 ； 作業環境測定 ； 電焊 ； Welding fume ； Health effect ； Environmental monitoring ； Welding

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

20卷3期（2012 / 09 / 01）

383 - 407

繁體中文

焊接燻煙為蒸氣凝集成小顆粒，其化學成分隨電焊方式及焊材而異，再加以粒徑涵括奈米層級，且變動性高，使得焊接作業之職業安全衛生備受關注。本文針對焊接燻煙的物化特性、健康危害、國內外暴露狀況及環測參考規範進行資料收集及評析。文獻顯示，焊接燻煙含有奈米微粒，可能影響呼吸及心血管系統。因燻煙成分複雜，雖於1990年被IARC訂為疑似致癌物，然至今其引致肺癌之風險仍未有共識。燻煙中的錳可能造成神經學危害，近年漸被大家所重視，然其中之劑量效應關係仍未確定。目前之環測數據發現，在局限空間作業之暴露濃度最高，其時間平均濃度大於5 mg/m^3。據此，本研究建議未來應本研究建議未來應（1）焊接燻煙之神經學危害、致癌風險及致病機制極需後續研究釐清；（2）重視焊接燻煙中奈米微粒之健康危害，將其納入暴露評估之一環；（3）避免僅以總粉塵測定作為燻煙作業之單一測定項目，以避免可能嚴重低估焊接燻煙的健康風險；（4）應針對個別焊接作業特性，建立焊接作業之風險評估、特殊健康檢查及預防策略。

Components of welding fume condensed from vaporized aerosol were complex and varied according to welding operation and materials used. Moreover, welding fume is composed of nanoparticles and its workplace may not be stabilized. Therefore, the occupational hygiene of welding workers remains an important issue. This article reviewed academic literature and documents on welding fume, including its physical and chemical characteristics, health effects, exposure profile and reference guideline for welding fume. The ultrafine nanoparticles from welding fume could cause harmful effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Due to the complex chemical composition, IRAC (1990) classified the welding fume as the possibly human carcinogen. However, whether welding fume increases the risk of lung cancer is still unsolved. Manganese released from welding fume is associated with adverse neurological effect, which is getting more attention in the past years. Unfortunately, the dose-response relationship between manganese exposure and neurological effect is unclear. As for the exposure assessment, the air monitoring data show that the concentration of total dust in confined welding space was higher than that in non-confined one and the time-weighted average (TWA) value of total dust was greater than 5 mg/m^3. Based on the present results, our suggestions are listed as following: (1)Future investigations are needed to illustrate the neurological effect, carcinogenesis risk and pathological mechanism of welding fume; (2) Harmful health effect caused by inhalation of nanoparticles needs to be proved for welding workers in connection to the execution of environmental monitoring on nanoparticles for exposure assessment of welding operation; (3) It should be noted that exposure assessment using total dust as an indicator may underestimate the exposure risk; and (4) Risk assessment and preventive strategy for each individual welding workplace should be established to prevent worker's occupational hazard.

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