在粉體填裝過程中奈米粉體的特性對空氣逸散的影響

The Effect of Characteristics of Nanopowders on Airborne Emission in the Powder-Filling Process

10.7005/JOSH.201212.0452

李書安(Shu-An Lee)；柯偉祥(Wei-Hsiang Ko)；廖千驊(Chien-Hua Liao)；陳春萬(Chun-Wan Chen)；蔡春進(Chun-Jian Tsai)

奈米粉體 ； 逸散 ； 螺旋式下料桿填充系統 ； 有效密度 ； Nanopowder ； Emission ； Auger-type filling system ； Apparent density

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

20卷4期（2012 / 12 / 01）

452 - 462

繁體中文

本研究主要是探討在粉體填裝過程中，奈米粉體的特性（例如：種類、大小、形狀與有效密度）對粉體逸散至空氣中的影響。實驗於20m^3之通風換氣室中進行奈米粉體填裝過程的逸散試驗。奈米粉體以螺旋式下料桿填充系統（auger-type filling system）進行下料，再以Electrical Low Pressure Impactor（ELPI）即時量測奈米粉體在填裝過程逸散至空氣中的情形。結果發現8~10 μm的二氧化矽粉體為受試粉體中逸散至空氣的濃度最高。10~30 nm的奈米氧化鋁逸散至空氣中的濃度較微米以及次微米的粉體高。球狀奈米氧化鋅比針狀奈米氧化鋅在空氣中微粒的逸散濃度高。不論粉體的形狀與大小，粉體的逸散量與粉體的有效密度呈現負相關。另外，奈米粉體、次微米粉體以及微米粉體，多以微米以及次微米的形式存在於空氣中。因此，要控制奈米粉體在填裝過程中的逸散，必須從奈米粉體種類、粒徑大小、形狀以及密度去做規範。

This study is to investigate the effect of the characteristics of nanopowders (such as type, size, shape and density) on airborne emission of nanopowders in the powder-filling (PF) process. The experiment was conducted in a 20 m3 ventilation chamber to investigate the fugitive particles in the PF process. Nanopowders were unloaded using an auger-type filling system and then measured timely for airborne emission in the PF process using an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI). The results show that the airborne concentrations of 8~10 μm SiO2 powders were found to be the greatest among all the tested powders. The airborne concentrations of fugitive particles were found to be higher for 10~30 nm Al2O3 nanopowders than those for micro- and submicro- powders. The airborne concentrations of fugitive particles were higher for ball-shape ZnO nanopowders than those for needle-shape ones. Regardless of shape and size, the airborne emission of powders was negatively associated with the apparent density of powders. In addition, the airborne emission of nano-, submicro- and micropowders were mostly presented in the micro-and submicro- size range. Therefore, in order to control fugitive particles in the PF process, it is necessary to regulate the type, size, shape and density of nanopowders.

1. CEN, EN 15051. Workplace atmospheres - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Requirements and reference test methods. Document N330 of CEN/TC137/WG3; 2006..
2. Aitken, R.J.,Creely, K.S.,Tran, C.L.(2004).Nanoparticles: an occupational hygiene review.Sudbury:HSE Books RR274.
3. Chow, J.C.,Watson, J.G.(2007).Survey of measurement and composition of ultrafine particles.Aerosol and Air Quality Research,7,121-73.
4. Colvin, V.L.(2003).The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials.Nature Biotechnology,21,1166-70.
5. Donaldson, K.,Stone, V.,Clouter, A.,Renwick, L.,MacNee, W.(2001).Ultrafine particles.Occupational and Environmental Medicine,58,211-6.
6. Kuhlbusch, T.(ed.),Fissan, H.(ed.)(2005).Occupational exposure in the carbon black industry.Proceeding of 2nd International Symposium on Nanotechnology and Occupational Health,Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA:
7. Lux Research(2006).,New York:Lux Research Inc.
8. Maynard, A.D.,Baron, P.A.,Foley, M.,Shvedova, A.A.,Kisin, E.R.,Castranova, V.(2004).Exposure to carbon nanotube material: Aerosol release during the handling of unrefined singlewalled carbon nanotube material.Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,67,87-107.
9. Nel, A.,Xia, T.,Madler, L.,Li, N.(2006).Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel.Science,311,622-7.
10. Ning, Z.,Geller, M.D.,Moore, K.F.,Sheesley, R.J.,Schauer, J.J.,Sioutas, C.(2007).Daily variation in chemical characteristics of urban ultrafine aerosols and inference of their sources.Environmental Science and Technology,41,6000-6.
11. Oberdörster, G.,Oberdörster, E.,Oberdörster, J.(2005).Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles.Environmental Health Perspectives,113,823-39.
12. Roco, M.C.(2005).International perspective on government nanotechnology funding in 2005.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,7,707-12.
13. The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering(2004).Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties.London:The Royal Society.
14. Tsai, C.J.,Wu, C.H.,Leu, M.L.,Chen, S.C.,Huang, C.Y.,Tsai, P.J.(2009).Dustiness test of nanopowders using a standard rotating drum with a modified sampling train.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,11,121-31.