罐式貨櫃管理與國際調和情形

Management and International Harmonization Situation for ISO TANK

劉國青(Kuo-Ching Lin)；林建志(Jian-Zhi Lin)；曾若鳴(Jo-Ming Tseng)

罐式貨櫃 ； 化學品 ； 安全管理 ； ISO tank ； Chemical ； Safety management

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

21卷1期（2013 / 03 / 01）

107 - 121

繁體中文

近年來國際罐式貨櫃（ISO Tank）的廣泛使用成為現代工業生產的重要設備，在光電／半導體產業與生物科技／藥品製造產業，在化學工業之應用更是略勝一籌，故在安全上的影響亦以化工災害引伸而來者為主要思考對象。在國內化學品之運輸主要藉由公路槽車來載送，然而公路槽車又區分為高壓罐槽車與常壓液態罐槽車，在槽車之管理制度上以及槽車檢查機構已建立制度。本研究藉由蒐集美國、在罐式貨櫃之使用限制、檢查體制、安全規範、驗證機構及安全管理等相關資訊，並進一步比較探討，來瞭解先進國家在罐式貨櫃制度上之優缺點，藉此可以做為國內法令之參考依據。並就現況調查國內引進罐式貨櫃於運輸、儲放等交通運輸情形，評估現行法令之管理架構下之安全周延性與發掘潛在問題，並提出具體對策建議。目前國際危險品運輸和歐盟境內危險品運輸的各種法規以「聯合國危險貨物運輸建議書」為藍本，美國境內「危險品運輸法規」已融人聯合國危險貨物運輸建議書。管理一元化可避免權責分散與減少跨部會協調阻礙，本國可考慮採納。聯合國、歐盟及美國對罐式貨櫃之檢查，已趨全球化並致力於法規調和。

ISO tank have been widely used in modern industrial production, photoelectric, semiconductor industry and biotechnology, pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in recent years, among which used in chemical industry. Therefore, safety of ISO tank was focused on the chemical disaster. In the countries, chemical was transported by road tankers, and the tankers are divided into high-pressure tank car and atmospheric pressure liquid tank. In this study, we collected information regarding to ISO tank from USA, UK, and Japan, this content included the inspection system, safety norms, certification, and safety management for ISO tank. First, understand the advantages and disadvantages of the ISO tank institutionally from the advanced countries, which can provide our government a good suggestion. Finally, investigate the status of domestic ISO tank in transportation and storage. We estimated the management framework, safety comprehensiveness, and potential problems, and then propose the suggestions. International transportation of dangerous goods and EU dangerous goods transport regulations are based on the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNRTDG), which have been referenced to United States, as ”Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations”. ISO tank have been globalization in European Union and United States.

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