汽車修理廠作業勞工異氰酸鹽暴露特性之研究

Characteristics of Isocyanates Exposure for Car Repair Workers

陳美蓮(Mei-Lien Chen)；毛義方(I-Fang Mao)；李聯雄(Lien-Hsiung Lee)；陳怡如(Yi-Ju Chen)；尤奕涵(Yi-Han Yu)；汪禧年(Shi-Nian Uang)；林志鴻(Chih-Hung Lin)

異氰酸鹽 ； 兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器 ； 汽車修理廠 ； Isocyanates ； 2-Piece filter cassette ； Car repair factories

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

21卷3期（2013 / 09 / 01）

331 - 344

繁體中文

聚胺基甲酸酯（Polyurethane, PU）產品在汽車工業上用途廣泛，其原料異氰酸鹽（Isocyanate）已被證實可導致呼吸道疾病及氣喘。本研究針對汽車修理廠進行環境中異氰酸鹽（2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate，2,6-TDI、2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate，2,4-TDI、1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate，HDI、4,4-Methylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate，MDI與1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Biuret Trimer，HDI-BT）的現場採樣，瞭解其作業勞工的暴露現況，以及氣態與氣膠態的分佈，並作為危害控制之參考。本研究選取3家汽車修理廠進行現場採樣，並於噴漆與研磨兩種作業區域放置兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器進行採樣，所使用之衍生試劑為9-甲基胺甲基-蔥（9- (N-methylaminomethyl) anthracene, MAMA），並以HPLC/fluorescence detector進行分析。結果指出，三廠中噴漆作業區域所捕集到總NCO的平均濃度高出研磨作業區域2.5倍以上，顯示，比起研磨作業區域，勞工在噴漆作業區域有更高的暴露風險。而兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器在兩種作業區所捕集到的五種氰酸鹽類，均以工廠A的濃度為最高，噴漆作業HDI、2,6-TDI、2,4-TDI、MDI與HDI-BT的平均濃度分別為2.70 ± 1.07 μg/m^3、1.55 ± 0.97 μg/m^3、 6.44 ± 5.19 μg/m^3、4.77 ± 1.25 μg/m^3、5.69 ± 4.24 μg/m^3；研磨作業HDI、2,6-TDI、2,4-TDI、 MDI與HDI-BT的平均濃度則分別為1.38 ± 0.59 μg/m^3、0.55 ± 0.24 μg/m^3、1.80 ± 0.70 μg/m^3、2.46 ± 0.99 μg/m^3、2.98 ± 0.58 μg/m^3。若以異氰酸鹽之氣態與氣膠態的濃度分佈比例來看，不論是噴漆或研磨作業，A廠所捕集到HDI、2,6-TDI與2,4-TDI的氣膠濃度所佔之比例皆較B廠與C廠為高。另外，現場各異氰酸鹽的型態，在噴漆或研磨作業HDI、2,6-TDI與2,4-TDI皆是以氣態為主，而MDI與HDI-BT則是以氣膠態為主。顯示，汽車修理廠空氣中異氰酸鹽類是以氣態與氣膠態兩種形式同時存在。

Polyurethane (PU) is widely used in the car industry. Isocyanates are the ingredients of PU products and confirmed to cause respiratory disease and asthma. The aims of this study are to investigate the exposure levels of isocyanates for workers and assess the forms of isocyanates in car repair factories.Three car repair factories in Taipei city were chosen in this study, and the sampling sites were set in the painting and grinding district of these factories. 2,4-TDI, 2,6-TDI, MDI, HDI and HDIBT were collected by using 2-piece filter cassettes, which loaded glass-fiber fibers coated by 9-(N-methylaminomethyl) anthracene (MAMA). After derivatization, samples were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detector.Experimental results indicated that the exposure level of total isocyanates for workers in painting district was significantly higher than grinding district. Factory A presented the highest concentrations of all kinds of isocyanates. The average concentrations of HDI, 2,6-TDI, 2,4-TDI, MDI, and HDI-BT were 2.70 ± 1.07 μg m^(-3), 1.55 ± 0.97 μg m^(-3), 6.44 ± 5.19 μg m^(-3), 4.77 ± 1.25 μg m^(-3), and 5.69 ± 4.24 μg m^(-3) in painting district, and 1.38 ± 0.59 μg m^(-3), 0.55 ± 0.24 μg m^(-3), 1.80 ± 0.70 μg m^(-3), 2.46 ± 0.99 μg m^(-3), and 2.98 ± 0.58 μg m^(-3) in grinding district. This study also found that the aerosol levels of HDI, 2,6-TDI, and 2,4-TDI in factory A were higher than those in other factories. Furthermore, HDI, 2,4-TDI, and 2,6-TDI mainly existed as gas in both operating districts while aerosol were the predominant type of MDI and HDI-BT. Obviously, in car repair factories, the isocyantes were existed as gas and aerosol simultaneously.

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