大台北地區醫院空氣品質與生物氣膠之分布與特性

The Distribution and Characteristics of Indoor Air Quality and Bioaerosols in the Hospitals of the Greater Taipei Area

麥子倩(Chelsea Mak)；蘇千田(Chien-Tien Su)；莊媖智(Ying-Chih Chuang)；陳叡瑜(Ruey-Yu Chen)；葉錦瑩(Ching-Ying Yeh)；洪粕宸(Po-Chen Hung)；張振平(Cheng-Ping Chang)；趙馨(Jasmine Hsing Chao)

醫院 ； 生物氣膠 ； 職業衛生 ； Hospitals ； Bioaerosols ； Occupational health

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

21卷4期（2013 / 12 / 01）

481 - 497

繁體中文

醫療院所是各類傳染性疾病暴露的高風險場所，特別是藉由空氣或飛沫傳播的呼吸道疾病，因此本研究針對大台北地區兩家醫院進行空氣品質以及生物氣膠（包括可培養性真菌及細菌）的監測。本研究進行監測地點為人群密集和高濃度生物氣膠的環境，包括兩家醫院（A及B）的掛號大廳、急診，以及胸腔內科、小兒科、耳鼻喉科、感染科和家醫科的門診及病房。根據研究結果顯示，醫院A及醫院B的總真菌平均濃度分別為148 CFU/m^3及44 CFU/m^3，而總細菌平均濃度分別為476 CFU/m^3及399 CFU/m^3，濃度最高的地點皆為掛號大廳。受訪醫院空氣中常見的優勢真菌為Non-Sporulating Fungi、Penicillium、Cladosporium及Aspergillus，最常見的細菌為革蘭氏陽性球菌。多種環境因子與醫院空氣中生物氣膠濃度有顯著相關，包括溫度、相對濕度、二氧化碳、懸浮微粒及採樣點人數；多種生物氣膠濃度間亦有顯著正相關。兩家醫院的總細菌濃度最大值與二氧化碳平均濃度，以及醫院B的臭氧濃度高於環保署建議值，環境管理應有改善的空間。建議醫院應維持適當的溫濕度避免生物氣膠滋生，並增加通風量控制污染物濃度，以維護員工的健康及工作效率。

High exposure risk to various infectious agents in health care facilities is of special concern, especially to airborne and droplet-borne respiratory diseases. Therefore, we conducted a study to monitor indoor air quality and important bioaerosols (including culturable fungi and bacteria) in two hospitals in the greater Taipei area, Taiwan. Environmental monitoring was carried out at the most crowded areas of the study hospitals, and the departments with high concentrations of bioaerosols. The sampling sites included main lobbies, emergency department, outpatient departments (internal medicine, pediatrics, ears, nose, and throat (ENT), infectious disease, family medicine), and wards (internal medicine and pediatrics). According to the results, the concentrations of total culturable fungi were 148 CFU/m^3 and 44 CFU/m^3 in hospitals A and B, respectively; the concentrations of total culturable bacteria were 476 CFU/m^3 and 399 CFU/m^3. Mean concentrations of airborne fungi and bacteria were both highest in the main lobbies. In the study hospitals, the predominant fungal taxa were Non-Sporulating Fungi, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus. The most prevalent bacteria were Gram-positive cocci. Many environmental factors had statistical significant correlations with bioaerosols in the study hospitals, including temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), suspended particulates, and number of people in the sampling locations. Interrelationships were also observed among many bioaerosols. The total bacterial and CO2 concentrations of the two study hospitals, as well as the ozone level in hospital B, were higher than the levels recommended by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Environmental management of these hospitals needs further improvement. In order to improve health and productivity of their workers, hospitals should keep appropriate temperature and relative humidity to avoid microbial growth, and increase ventilation rate to control indoor pollutant levels.

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