造紙業藍領及白領從業人員肌肉骨骼不適與勞動疲勞之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Fatigue for Blue-collar and White-collar Employees in the Paper Manufacturing Industry

徐雅媛(Ya-Yuan Hsu)；白其卉(Chyi-Huey Bai)；黃啟煌(Chi-Huang Huang)；陳雅琳(Ya-Lin Chen)

造紙業 ； 藍領及白領從業人員 ； 肌肉骨骼不適 ； 勞動疲勞 ； Paper manufacturing industry ； Blue-collar and white-collar employees ； Musculoskeletal discomfort ； Fatigue

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

22卷1期（2014 / 03 / 01）

27 - 49

繁體中文

研究目的：紙及紙製品為日常生活所需的用品，生產及製造流程需從業人員進行機器操作及手工製作，因涉及軀幹及肢體的施力及反覆動作會造成肌肉骨骼不適及勞動疲勞。本研究觀察造紙業從業人員，在三種工作性質（藍領勞動及反覆型、白領辦公型）肌肉骨骼不適與勞動疲勞的差異比較。方法：本研究採橫斷性研究法，針對北區某家中小型造紙業工廠，進行現場觀察及問卷調查，共計100份有效問卷。結果：在受訪的造紙業從業人員中，頸（佔25.7%）及背部（佔38.6%）為肌肉骨骼不適分佈最常見部位。工作性質與自覺疲勞程度有統計相關，藍領較白領更易感到經常或總是感到疲勞，且持續6個月以上有疲勞感的藍領佔89.4%為最多；輪夜班（23PM-7AM）時間及上班第一日皆是藍及白領最感疲勞班次及日數。勞動型與反覆型藍領員工多數在生產線現場，暴露較多的身體負荷及環境噪音、室溫、輪班等疲勞來源，白領員工耗損較多精神壓力，睡眠及休息不足。結論：造紙業從業人員因工作性質暴露源不同，藍領及白領員工在肌肉骨骼不適及疲勞成因具有差異，建議職場關注工作產生的疲勞因素，提供員工減少肌肉骨骼傷害的健康促進計畫，有效降低肌肉骨骼傷害及疲勞的發生。

Purpose: Paper and paper products are goods used daily in ordinary life. The production and manufacturing processes require manual handling and machine operation. Since the process involves the use of force and repetitive actions by the human body's limbs and torso, musculoskeletal discomfort and labor fatigue can develop. By investigating employees of the paper industry, this study provides a differential comparison of musculoskeletal discomfort and labor fatigue for three types of labor: blue-collar, repetitive, and white-collar. Methodology: A cross-sectional study method is applied in this research. For a certain medium-sized paper manufacturing factory in the northern area, on-site observation and a survey was conducted with a total of 100 effective questionnaires. Results: Among the paper manufacturing employees surveyed, necks (25.7%) and backs (38.6%) were shown to be the body parts where musculoskeletal discomfort occurs most often. The type of work and the self-aware level of fatigue are correlated statistically. Blue-collar laborers often or always experience fatigue, and those blue-collar workers who feel fatigued constantly for six months comprise the majority, 89.4%. Night shifts (23PM-7AM) and the first day of work each week are the shift and work day when both white-collar and blue-collar workers experience the most serious fatigue. Blue-collar employees of a laborious and repetitive work type spend most of their working hours on-site on the production line. Blue-collar laborers are more often exposed to source fatigue such as heavy workloads, environmental noises, high indoor temperatures, and moving, whereas the white-collar employees suffer more from weariness of mental strength, pressure, and lack of sleep and rest. Conclusion: Due to the different exposure sources of fatigue of the different work types among paper industry workers, the resulting factors of musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue between blue-collar and white-collar employees vary. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to the factor of fatigue and health improvement programs in order to reduce employees' musculoskeletal injuries and thus effectively decrease any occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries and fatigue.

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