有機溶劑製造業勞工職業苯暴露與尿中代謝物S-PMA濃度研究

Benzene Exposure and Urinary Metabolite S-PMA in Organic Solvents Manufacturing Industry Workers

毛義方(I-Fang Mao)；楊啟賢(Chi-Hsien Young)；陳美如(Mei-Ru Chen)；李全翔(Chuan-Hsiang Li)；蔡忠融(Chung-Jung Tsai)

有機溶劑製造業 ； 苯 ； 生物偵測 ； 苯基硫醇酸 ； Organic solvents manufacturing ； Benzene ； Biological monitoring ； S-phenylmercapturic acid

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

22卷2期（2014 / 06 / 01）

112 - 123

繁體中文

本研究目的為探討有機溶劑製造業勞工職業苯暴露與尿中苯主要代謝物苯基硫醇酸（S-phenylmercapturic acid, S-PMA）濃度及相關性情形。苯作業環境暴露評估是選擇3家有使用苯之有機溶劑製造公司，每公司1~2個廠區，每廠區選擇3~4處採樣點，進行連續3個工作天的作業環境空氣採樣，共採集樣本數為45個；生物偵測方面，以作業區內苯暴露勞工於上班前與下班後各收集1次尿液樣本，檢測尿中S-PMA濃度情形，總計受測勞工49人，尿液樣本數為98個；並對勞工進行問卷調查，項目包括基本資料與工作概況、生活與飲食習慣及防護具使用情形等。研究結果顯示，在環境測定方面，有8.89%樣本測得可量化之苯濃度，其濃度範圍為0.667~1.448ppm。受測勞工上班前尿中S-PMA濃度為0.175 ± 1.55μg/g cr.，下班後尿中S-PMA濃度為0.373 ± 1.86μg/g cr.，下班後尿中S-PMA濃度有顯著增加（p ＜ 0.05），但皆未超過美國工業衛生師協會的生物暴露指標之建議值25μg/g cr.，尿液S-PMA檢出率為26.5 %；此外，本研究發現作業環境苯濃度較高的作業區，其作業勞工尿中S-PMA濃度亦有較高的趨勢。結果顯示採樣工廠之苯作業環境濃度水準已有適當控制，且尿中S-PMA濃度對於評估有機溶劑製造業勞工職業性低濃度苯暴露是良好的生物偵測指標。

The purpose of this study was to explore the benzene exposure and urinary metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in organic solvents manufacturing industry workers. Benzene exposure measurement was executed in three organic solvents manufacturing companies, in which 3 or 4 sites in each working area were selected, and the total number of air sample was 45. Urine samples were collected from 49 workers before and after work, and the total number of urine sample was 98. Questionnaire, including demography, work history, lifestyle, habits and personal protective equipment usage, was also evaluated for the workers. The results showed that benzene could be quantified in 8.89% of air samples, and the concentration were 0.667~1.448 ppm. The urinary concentration of S-PMA were 0.175 ± 1.55 before work and significantly increased to 0.373 ± 1.86 after work (p ＜ 0.05); all the urinary concentrations of S-PMA did not exceed the biological exposure indices (BEI) of 25μg/g cr. proposed by American conference of governmental industrial hygienists (ACGIH). The detection rate of urinary S-PMA was 26.5%. This study also found the workers exposed higher concentrations of benzene in work area could be detected higher concentrations of urinary S-PMA. The results indicated the airborne benzene level was well controlled for the studied factories, and urinary S-PMA was a good indicator to evaluate the occupational exposure of benzene for organic solvents manufacturing industry workers.

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