汽車修理廠作業勞工異氰酸鹽暴露方法測定之研究

Simultaneous Determination of Isocyanates Exposure for Car Repair Workers

毛義方(I-Fang Mao)；陳美蓮(Mei-Lien Chen)；陳怡如(Yi-Ju Chen)；鄭淑芳(Shu-Fong Cheng)；李聯雄(Lien-Hsiung Lee)；陳秋蓉(Chiou-Jong Chen)；陳成裕(Chang-Yuh Chen)；林志鴻(Chih-Hung Lin)

異氰酸鹽類 ； 包覆型濾紙採樣器 ； 兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器 ； 汽車修理廠 ； Isocyanates ； 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters ； 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with double filters ； Car repair factories

勞工安全衛生研究季刊

22卷3期（2014 / 09 / 15）

249 - 265

繁體中文

聚胺基甲酸酯（Polyurethane，PU）產品廣泛應用於汽車工業，然而，其原料異氰酸鹽（Isocyanate）已被證實會導致呼吸道疾病及氣喘。本研究以包覆型濾紙採樣器（收集總異氰酸鹽）以及兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器（同時收集氣態與氣膠態的異氰酸鹽）於汽車修理廠進行環境中異氰酸鹽（2,6-toluene diisocyanate，2,6-TDI、2,4-toluene diisocyanate，2,4-TDI、1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate，HDI、4,4-methylene bisphenyl isocyanate，MDI與1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanatebiuret trimer，HDI-BT）的現場採樣，瞭解其作業勞工的暴露現況，以及氣態與氣膠態的分佈，並進行兩種採樣器現場採樣結果之比較，以提出較佳的採樣裝置建議。本研究選取三家汽車修理廠，於噴漆與研磨作業區域同時放置兩種採樣器進行採樣，所使用之衍生試劑為9-甲基胺甲基-蔥（9-（N-methylaminomethyl）anthracene，MAMA），並於採樣完成後以high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector進行分析。三家汽車修理廠的研究結果發現，若以包覆型濾紙採樣器的採樣結果來看，在噴漆作業HDI的最高濃度為9.72μg/m^3、2,6-TDI為4.09μg/m^3、2,4-TDI為55.76μg/m^3、MDI為12.02μg/m^3，以上均出現在A廠，而HDI-BT則是以B廠量測到的濃度為最高，其濃度為31.20μg/m^3；研磨作業則各異氰酸鹽之濃度分別為4.81μg/m^3、2.01μg/m^3、6.17μg/m^3、5.78μg/m^3與11.32μg/m^3，最高濃度亦均出現在A廠。現場採樣結果之比較，顯示無論在噴漆與研磨作業區域，若以包覆型濾紙採樣器所採集的濃度為基準，其兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器在A、B、C三廠各異氰酸鹽的採集濃度僅在50%以下。此外，不論是噴漆或研磨作業，HDI、2,6-TDI與2,4-TDI皆是以氣態為主，而MDI與HDI-BT則是以氣膠態為主。因此，就總異氰酸鹽的濃度而言，三家汽車修理廠皆是以包覆型濾紙採樣器所採集的濃度最高，但是此採樣器的缺點是無法區隔氣態與氣膠態的濃度。反之，兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器雖能有效的將氣態與氣膠態的濃度分開，但在高流量、高濕度與長時間的採樣下，氣膠態的濃度會被明顯低估，故於作業環境現場量測時，建議使用包覆型濾紙採樣器採集總異氰酸鹽類並搭配兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器採集氣態與氣膠態的濃度，且建議將採樣時間儘量縮短，以反應作業現場實際濃度，作為異氫酸鹽類相關作業場所危害控制之參考。

Isocyanates, the ingredients of PU products, which are widely used in the car industry, have been confirmed to cause respiratory disease and asthma. This study aimed to investigate the formation of isocyanates in car repair factories and exposure levels for workers, and compare the sampling efficiencies of two different samplers. Three car repair factories in Taipei city were chosen in this study, and the sampling sites were set in the painting and grinding districts of these factories. 2,4-TDI, 2,6-TDI, MDI, HDI and HDI-BT were collected by 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters and 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with double filters, which loaded glass-fiber fibers coated by 9-(N-methylaminomethyl) anthracene (MAMA). After derivatization, samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. Field sampling in car repair factories showed the efficiency of 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters was better than that of others. The highest concentrations of HDI, 2,4- TDI, 2,6-TDI and MDI in painting districts were 9.72μg/m^3, 55.76μg/m^3, 4.09μg/m^3 and 12.02μg/ m^3, respectively. These all appeared in factory A. But the highest concentration of HDI-BT existed in factory B, as 31.20μg/m^3. In grinding district in factory A, the highest concentrations of HDI, 2,4- TDI, 2,6-TDI, MDI and HDI-BT were 4.81μg/m^3, 6.17μg/m^3, 2.01μg/m^3, 5.78μg/m^3 and 11.32μg/m^3, respectively. Furthermore, HDI, 2,4-TDI, and 2,6-TDI mainly existed as gas in both operating districts while aerosol were the predominant type of MDI and HDI-BT. Obviously, in car repair factories, the isocyantes were existed as gas and aerosol simultaneously. This study confirmed that 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters performed the best capture capability, however, it could not separate gas and aerosol type of isocynates. 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with double filters could separate gas and aerosol isocynates, but it would greatly underestimate the aerosol isocynates at high flow rate, high moisture, and long sampling time. Therefore, this investigation suggested using the 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters and the 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with double filters simultaneously might reflect the real situation when the sampling time was short as possible.

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