十九世紀前葉美國政治思想中的“自由”內涵的轉變

The Transition of the Connotation of "Freedom" in the American Political Belief in Early Nineteenth Century

10.29457/SJH.200612.0004

陳思仁(Szu-Jen Chen)

波卡克 ； 艾坡比 ； 自由 ； 共和主義 ； 自由主義 ； 農業 ； 商業 ； 美國史 ； J. G. A. Pocock ； Joyce Applybe ； freedom ； Republicanism ； liberalism ； agriculture ； commerce ； American

東吳歷史學報

16期（2006 / 12 / 01）

107 - 135

繁體中文

本文主旨，釐析古典共和思想中的「自由」內涵與近代「自由」內涵的差異，目的是以「自由」內涵的變化為議題，點出其背後代表的是美國經濟社會的轉變。近代的「自由」內涵，更強調個人的「自利」、「自力更生」、「自恃」等等，明顯地是為符應「競爭」、「逐利」、強調「野心」的個人社會而產生的「佔有式個人」的人格特徵，而這是與強調「公利」為前題的古典共和的自由是不一樣地。也就是說，十九世紀初葉美國農業的商業化，「貨幣經濟」社會的逐漸隱現，顯然地挑戰了依存「農業」為經濟的古典共和社會理想。

To clarify the difference between the freedom of classical republic with modern freedom from the contest historians has been contending is the goal of essay. Furthermore we may know the transformation of American economy in early nineteenth century while the difference of the freedom between the freedom of classical republic with modern freedom could be discriminated. Self-interest, self-made and self-reliance represent the new personality of free individual are also becoming the content of modern freedom while the new commercial society gradually requires the character of competition, profit-chasing and avarice. That challenges the utopia of classical republic built on the agricultural economy.

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