錢謙益與“茶陵詩派”的構建

Qian Qianyi and the Formation of the "Chaling School of Poetry"

10.29457/SJH.200906.0001

潘星輝(Xing-Hui Pan)；馬雲駸(Yun-Qin Ma)

錢謙益 ； 李東陽 ； 茶陵詩派 ； Qian Qianyi ； Li Dongyang ； Chaling School of Poetry

東吳歷史學報

21期（2009 / 06 / 30）

1 - 38

繁體中文

明、清之際，在反“七子”的潮流中出現了一支生力軍，這就是以錢謙益爲代表的虞山詩派。錢氏抨擊復古派，必牽連詆諆竟陵派，蓋以鍾、譚雖異于李、王，卻走入魔道，每況愈下。因此，他一方面注意網羅明季不滿於七子的詩家，另一方面產生了越過七子、竟陵而上溯于李東陽的訴求。他出於自身的門戶之見，刻意造作出一個以李氏爲中心的詩歌流派，用與前七子對立，從而爲“茶陵派”的提法奠定了重要基礎。經過他的大力鼓吹，入清以來，李東陽重新爲論者所關注。影響所及，不但使李氏在與七子派的比較中，幾乎轉趨上風，而且由《四庫全書》的纂修者確認了“茶陵詩派”的提法，遂致淆亂了後人對明代詩歌發展的認識，流毒訖今猶烈。

During the period of dynastic change from Ming to Qing, there emerged a new force in the literary circle, namely the ”Yu Shan School of Poetry” headed by Qian Qianyi, amidst the trend of opposing the ”Seven Masters” then occurred in China. In his attack on the ”Restoration” or ” Back to the ancients” school, Qian inevitably involved in the defaming of the ”Jingling School”, because the thought of Zhong and Tan, although differed from that of Li and Wang, happened to go astray at that time and was steadily on the decline. He acted to enlist the poetic schools then not in accord with the ”Seven Masters” on one hand, and tried to bypass the latter to trace back in appeal to Li Dongyang, on the other. Arising from their own sectarian bias, they deliberately and sedulously' made up' a poetical sect centered upon Li so as to lay the foundation for the formation of the ”Chaling School” in opposition to that of the ”Seven Masters”. By effort of his energetic preaching and advocating, Li Dongyang became much of scholastic concern when China entered the Qing epoch, the repercussion being such that Li became quite over the ”Seven Masters” in fame and scholastic position. What is more, inasmuch as the entity of the ”Chaling School” was enlisted in ”Complete library in the Four Branches of Literature” by its authoritative compilers, the later generations were thus plunged into confusion over the understanding of the genuine development of Ming poetry. Its pernicious influence was seen aggravated by its extension to the present day.

1. 王夫之(1997)。明詩評選。北京:文化藝術出版社。
2. 田雯、郭紹虞編選(1983)。清詩話續編：古歡堂集雜著。上海:上海古籍出版社。
3. 朱庭珍、郭紹虞編選(1983)。清詩話續編：筱園詩話。上海:上海古籍出版社。
4. 朱彝尊(1998)。靜志居詩話。北京:人民文學出版社。
5. 吳偉業。續修四庫全書：梅村家藏稿。
6. 宋佩韋。民國叢書：明文學史。
7. 宋犖、丁福保編(1978)。清詩話：漫堂說詩。上海:上海古籍出版社。
8. 李東陽(1983)。李東陽集。長沙:嶽麓書社。
9. 李東陽(1985)。李東陽集。長沙:嶽麓書社。
10. 李東陽。知不足齋叢書：叢書集成初編。
11. 沈德潛(1979)。明詩別裁集。上海:上海古籍出版社。
12. 沈德潛(1998)。說詩晬語。北京:人民文學出版社。
13. 紀昀(1995)。四庫全書總目。北京:中華書局。
14. 紀昀(1995)。閱微草堂筆記。天津:天津古籍出版社。
15. 紀昀(1995)。紀曉嵐文集。石家莊:河北教育出版社。
16. 陳田(1993)。明詩紀事。上海:上海古籍出版社。
17. 彭城退士、北京圖書館編(1999)。北京圖書館藏珍本年譜叢刊：錢牧翁先生年譜。北京:書目文獻出版社。
18. 馮班、何焯評、郭紹虞(1998)。滄浪詩話校釋附輯三評論。北京:人民文學出版社。
19. 黃卓越(2001)。明永樂至嘉靖初詩文觀研究。北京:北京師範大學出版社。
20. 楊慎、丁福保編(2001)。歷代詩話續編：升庵詩話。北京:中華書局。
21. 葉燮(1998)。原詩。北京:人民文學出版社。
22. 魯九皋、郭紹虞編選(1983)。清詩話續編：詩學源流考。上海:上海古籍出版社。
23. 錢振民(1995)。李東陽年譜。上海:復旦大學出版社。
24. 錢謙益。續修四庫全書：牧齋初學集。
25. 錢謙益。續修四庫全書：列朝詩集。
26. 錢謙益(1985)。牧齋初學集。上海:上海古籍出版社。
27. 錢謙益(1957)。列朝詩集小傳。上海:古典文學出版社。
28. 錢謙益(1996)。牧齋有學集。上海:上海古籍出版社。
29. 錢鍾書(1999)。談藝錄。北京:中華書局。
30. 錢鍾書(1986)。談藝錄。香港:中華書局。
31. 薛雪(1998)。一瓢詩話。北京:人民文學出版社。