長子說書及其戲劇化傾向

Shuo-shu (Story-telling) in Zhangzi and Its Tendency of Dramatization

10.30157/JCRTF.200603.0003

張豔琴(Yan-Qin Zhang)

長子說書 ； 說唱 ； 演出形態 ； 戲劇化 ； 田野調查 ； shuo-shu story-telling in Zhangzi ； shuo-chang ； tendency of dramatization

民俗曲藝

151期（2006 / 03 / 01）

31 - 96

繁體中文

長子說書是清末民國初產生於上黨長子地區一種民問曲藝。其初始形態通常是一個藝人在街頭道古說唱。發展到後來，逐漸形成了以8人左右為一個班子，演員和樂隊分離，以鼓、簡板、胡胡為主要伴奏樂器，有說有唱，演員走場表演的藝術演出形式。 長子說書在發展過程中，演出形態及其方式發生了一系列變化，其中戲劇化傾向越來越明顯。它的這一發展傾向對於研究一些從說唱如何演變為戲曲藝術，有很大的參照價值。本文試圖在將近一年田野調查的基礎之上，對長子說書的歷史淵源、現實狀況、演出形態、藝術特點、戲劇化傾向、音樂藝術、腳本書目等方面進行全方位的關照，從而呈現出由說唱發展成戲曲的鮮為人知的過程。 總之，長子說書作為一種生長於民間的曲藝藝術，長期以來難以引起官方和研究者的注意，但在它默默生存的歷史里程中，演出形態發生了很大變化，其研究價值也越發重大。因此，筆者在沒有多少關於它的記載和研究資料的情況下，只好以田野調查為基礎，進而關照這種民間藝術之於中國戲曲曲藝藝術的研究意義。

Shuo-shu (story-telling) is a form of folk art, which was very popular in Zhangzi of Shangdan area (in Changzhi City, Shanxi Province). It came into being in the early 19th century, in the pattern of story-telling and singing, usually by one person. It later developed into a group of eight people including tellers and players, performing by telling stories, singing and acting, accompanied by various musical instruments such as drums, jianban and huhu. Through years, story-telling in Zhangzi underwent many changes in its forms and ways of presentation. Its tendency of dramatization became more and more obvious, and it finally developed into traditional opera. But as a form of folk art, story-telling has attracted little attention from either government or researchers. In spite of the fact that written records and research materials are rather short on this subject, the author of this article, basing herself on the result of one-year field research, tries to give an overall discussion on the origin, development, forms of performing, artistic characteristics, theatrical tendency, music and script of the shuo-shu in Zhangzi, and thus illustrates its significance and influence on Chinese traditional opera.

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