浪漫化的瘋癲：戲曲中的大腦疾病

Madness by Romantic Identification: Brain Diseases in Xiqu

10.30157/JCRTF.200809.0004

蔡振家(Chen-Gia Tsai)

瘋狂場景 ； 戲曲程式 ； 妥瑞氏症 ； 躁鬱症 ； mad scenes ； performance conventions ； Tourette syndrome ； manic-depressive disorder

民俗曲藝

161期（2008 / 09 / 01）

83 - 133

繁體中文

中國戲曲裡面對於大腦疾病的描寫，可分為表演程式與人物塑造兩方面來討論。在戲曲演出中，不僅可以用寫意或寫實的方式來表現瘋癲症狀，也能以程式的顛覆來製造出代表瘋癲的反邏輯性，例如在瘋狂場景中所唱的反管唱腔，以及跨行當、跨劇種的身段借用與諧擬。折子戲中僅能描繪「症狀」，但全本戲以大腦疾病來塑造主角時，則可以達到「病史」的宏觀視界，涵蓋廣泛的社會及文化議題。本文嘗試從妥瑞氏症的角度來探討猴王戲曲中的角色個性與身段，從躁鬱症的觀點重訪崑劇《牡丹亭》。機靈頑皮的孫悟空與浪漫不羈的杜麗娘作為突破現實困境的英雄，恰彰顯出大腦疾病患者對於人類社群的貢獻。

The portrayal of brain diseases in xiqu is investigated in terms of performance conventions and characterization. Psychoneurotic symptoms are sometimes presented in xiqu, realistically or figuratively. Alternatively, an overturn of theater conventions also generates a sense of illogic that represents madness, such as fanguan tunes in mad scenes, and borrowing/parody of performance techniques across different role types or genres in xiqu. Whereas zhezi xi (an excerpt) can merelyd epict symptoms, quanben xi (a complete play) is able to cover sociocultural issues and achieves a global viewpoint of pathology by shaping the protagonist with brain diseases. The present paper intends to discuss Monkey xiqu from a perspective of Tourette syndrome and review Kunqu Peony Pavilion from a perspective of manic-depressive disorder. Witty, ticcy Wukong Sun and romantic Liniang Du, who are hero/heroine overcoming difficulties in the real world, exemplify how sufferers of brain diseases can contribute to the human community.

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