英文摘要
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During the decades that bridged the 19th and 20th century, individual Russians acquired a considerable number of Chinese woodblock prints, for reasons which remain largely unexplored. It is the purpose of this essay to re-trace the history of these acquisitions. I will begin by giving an account of the historical development of Russian woodblock prints. I will then describe how the late 19th century Russian nationalism helped to arouse the interest of intellectuals in Russian folk woodblock prints. Given this background, Russian travelers to China began to purchase Chinese folk woodblock prints. Two notable Russian sinologists who were involved in woodblock print collection and research are Vasily M. Alexeyev and Boris L. Riftin.Despite their enthusiasm, the intellectuals who collected folk prints did not always comprehend their meanings. In the process of deciphering folk imagery one often observes a tendency toward capricious speculation on the part of intellectuals that has little to do with the context of folk culture. Two sets of ”Demons Frolicking with Zhong Kui” purchased by Alexeyev, currently held in the State Museum of History of Religion, serve as an illuminating example. After this acquisition, Alexeyev asked his Chinese teachers to write down the meanings of the pictures and had the notes attached to the back of the pictures. These notes frequently misinterpret the significance and betrays the Chinese intellectuals' poor understanding of and demeaning attitude toward folk culture. Drawing on comparisons with the Russian lubki, I will investigate such misinterpretations, point out the dilemma of folk picture interpretation, and propose one way of reading and deciphering folk pictures.
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