護理人員體適能對生活品質的影響

Associations between Physical Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life of Nurses

10.6315/2014.42(1)02

林佳慧(Chia-Huei Lin)；蔣立琦(Li-Chi Chiang)；曾雯琦(Wen-Chii Tzeng)；陳良城(Liang-Cheng Chen)；張幸初(Shin-Tsu Chang)；蔣尚霖(Shang-Lin Chiang)

護理人員 ； 體適能 ； 生活品質 ； nurse ； physical fitness ； quality of life

台灣復健醫學雜誌

42卷1期（2014 / 03 / 01）

11 - 22

繁體中文

背景：護理人員有相對較差的體適能及生活品質，但在控制基本屬性、工作單位特性及運動習慣等因素下，護理人員體適能與生活品質關係之研究卻少見。目的：本研究目的主要探討護理人員體適能與生活品質的關係。方法：本研究為橫斷式研究。232位平均31歲且無疾病導致身體活動受限之護理人員自願參加。研究以cwS28體適能系統測量護理員體適能，包括身體組成、平衡感、柔軟度、肌力、肌耐力及心肺耐力等。結構式問卷為由護理人員自填之健康相關生活品質量表（SF-36）。透過多變項線性迴歸分析，探討在控制基本屬性等干擾變項後體適能與生活品質之關係。結果：受試者平均身體質量指數為21.1 ± 3.6公斤／平方公尺、體脂肪率19.6 ± 3.1%、平衡感（閉眼單足立）17.5 ± 25.8秒、柔軟度（坐姿體前彎）為27.4 ± 9.3公分、上肢（握力）與下肢肌力分別為28.6 ± 4.6公斤與65.6 ± 24.6公斤；平均肌耐力（一分鐘仰臥起坐）為24.4 ± 10.1次／分；心肺耐力（三分鐘登階指數）為58.8 ± 8.7。本研究護理人員顯示有中度較差的生活品質，其中生活品質最低得分構面分別為活力狀態（59.1 ± 15.3分）、一般健康狀態（60.0 ± 16.3分）、及心理健康（64.3 ± 14.1分）。在控制基本資料、工作單位、科別屬性及規律運動習慣後，護理人員體適能與生活品質有顯著相關。除上肢肌力，所有體適能指標含身體質量指數、體脂肪、平衡感、柔軟度、下肢肌力、肌耐力與心肺耐力均和護理人員的生活品質有顯著相關，而影響生活品質之項目包含身體疼痛、一般健康狀態、身體功能、因情緒問題所致角色限制、社交功能及活力狀態。結論：護理人員的體適能與生活品質有顯著相關，體適能較低的護理人員會負面影響生活品質。臨床護理領導者及醫療機構主管應認知體適能狀況對護理人員生活品質的衝擊，並及早介入提升護理人員體適能措施，以改善護理人員的生活品質。

Background: Little is known regarding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its association with physical fitness among nurses. Purpose: To investigate whether physical fitness was associated with HRQOL among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 volunteer nurses who were 31 years of age and free of disease-related disability. Physical fitness was assessed using a cws28 health-related physical fitness system which measured body composition (BMI and percentage body fat), balance, flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness. SF-36®, a structured self-reporting questionnaire, was used to evaluate HRQOL. The association between physical fitness and HRQOL (independent of potential confounders such as demographics) was assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Mean BMI was 21.1 ± 3.6 kg/m^2 with 19.6 ± 3.1% mean body fat. All subjects reported a mean balance test of 17.5 ± 25.8 seconds, mean flexibility of 27.4 ± 9.3 cm, mean upper limb muscle strength of 28.6 ± 4.6 kg, and mean lower limb muscle strength of 65.6 ± 24.6 kg. Mean muscular endurance was 24.4 ± 10.1 times/min. Cardiorespiratory fitness, reported using the mean modified Harvard step test, was 58.8 ± 8.7. Nurses with moderately impaired quality of life had the lowest SF-36 scores in vitality (59.1 ± 15.3), general health (60.0 ± 16.3), and mental health (64.3 ± 14.1). Nurses who were more physically fit had significantly higher SF-36 scores (and better HRQOL) after adjusting for demographics, work-related characteristics, and regular exercise habits. All indicators of physical fitness, with the exception of upper limb muscle strength, were associated with HRQOL including general health, physical functioning, emotional health, social functioning, pain levels, and vitality. Conclusion: Physical fitness was positively associated with HRQOL among nurses and both nursing supervisors and hospital leaders should be aware of this effect. In addition, early intervention may be necessary to promote physical fitness among nurses in order to maintain or improve their quality of life.

1. 李瓊娥(2017)。護理人員生活品質調查。長榮大學護理學系(所)學位論文。2017。1-30。