Contextualizing Social Entrepreneurships: Challenges for Current Paradigm and Future Agenda

社會創業發展脈絡－典範知識當前挑戰與議題發展

林中山(ARIES HERU PRASETYO)；胡哲生(JER-SAN HU)

social entrepreneurships ； social enterprise ； social context ； social resource ； 社會創業 ； 社會企業 ； 社會脈絡 ； 社會資源

輔仁管理評論

25卷1期（2018 / 01 / 01）

47 - 61

英文

This study tried to deal with some current ambiguity regarding social entrepreneurship ranging from conceptual definition, potential antecedents and the model. The three problems have been addressed carefully through grounded theory and explanatory approach. The study compiled all published academic paper from late 80's until early 2016. For the first questions, the triggering point to all unarguable opinion was found starting from the way scholars tried to appointing the initiator for social entrepreneurship. Acknowledging personal dimension of entrepreneur would somewhat misguided due to human behavior factor. More studies need to addressed this point before continue on developing firmly framework based on the factors. One possible solution is by linking personal aspect of entrepreneur to the community whom to be served. This study proposed a new perspective to define the term social entrepreneurship by introducing five schools of thoughts. Secondly, having mentioned the importance of community behavior toward social movement, the study highlighted several possible antecedents, consists of (1) local-knowledge and wisdom, (2) local resources, (3) local leadership, (4) social motivation, (5) community-resilience, and (6) clear mission-vision. All those six antecedents were then combined into comprehensive proposed model- as the final conclusion and future agenda for social entrepreneurships.

近年來，社會創業的概念與定義、潛在的社會創業議題與社會創業模式持續且廣泛地被討論，其中，許多學者從被實踐社會創業的理論與模式中探討社會創業家的創業初衷，卻引發一些爭議，因為社會創業家的個人層面會因為人的行為因素而被誤導。雖然社會創業初衷可讓研究議題更具多樣性，但卻也不易形成學術共識或理論基礎。本文爬梳1980至2016年間關於社會創業的學術文獻，逐一檢視與個人初衷與社會創業的關聯與解釋概念後，認為若要將個人意圖與社會創業行為區隔，必須將社會創業與所在社區緊密結合。同時提出六大驅使社會創業的元素：(1)在地知識(local-knowledge and wisdom)、(2)在地資源(local resources)、(3)當地領導(local leadership)、(4)社會動機(social motivation)、(5)社區復原力(community-resilience)，以及(6)清楚的使命願景(clear mission-vision)，提供研究人員後續在研究社會創業參考方向。

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