社會企業從業人員之快樂成因探討

A study on factors of employee happiness in social enterprise

賴丞彥(CHENG-YEN LAI)；張瓊婷(CHIUNG-TING CHANG)

社會企業 ； 快樂 ； 社會資本 ； 工作滿意度 ； 利他行為 ； social enterprise ； happiness ； social capital ； job satisfaction ； altruism

輔仁管理評論

26卷1期（2019 / 01 / 01）

55 - 70

繁體中文

社會企業有其社會性目標，給予從業人員在工作中有機會獲得營利外之價值。在同時兼顧社會性及商業性雙重目標下，社會企業從業人員亦可能面對無法同時兼顧雙重目標的問題，這是否為社會企業從業人員帶來不快樂呢？或者在解決社會問題的過程中帶來其從業人員完成使命後的快樂？為回答上述問題，依據社會資本及工作滿意度等相關研究，可得知社會網絡、社會信任與價值觀，以及工作滿意度中的激勵因子及保健因子，對社會企業從業人員主觀快樂具有正相關。本文針對國內社會企業從業人員進行問卷調查及半結構式訪談，以了解社會企業從業人員的主觀快樂程度和影響快樂的因素。樣本涵蓋交通、電子顧問、農產品業、電子零售平台、旅行及相關代訂服務業、餐飲及烘焙炊蒸食品製造業等六項商業類別，計13家企業，共72份有效問卷。為進行對照，以了解社會企業與一般企業在主觀快樂與攸關快樂的因子上有何差異，另針對上述六項商業類別的一般企業進行問卷調查及半結構式訪談，計24家企業，共收回61份有效問卷。根據皮爾森相關分析結果顯示社會網絡、社會信任、利他行為、社會價值觀、激勵因子及保健因子等，皆和社會企業從業人員的主觀快樂呈現顯著正相關。在社會企業的主觀快樂與一般企業的主觀快樂的組間差異分析中卻發現無顯著差異，但就與快樂相關的社會資本中的價值觀和社會網絡、保健因子、激勵因子，和利他行為等來看，社會企業從業人員的得分則皆顯著高於一般企業者。

Social enterprise pays attention to social targets and commercial targets simultaneously. However, problems may occur attributed to the dual targets. Do employees feel unhappy due to such problems? Or employees feel happy instead while having more opportunities of bringing happiness to others. In order to answer the above questions, a survey and interviews were conducted. We employ the subjective happiness scale of employees, and include factors such as social capital and job satisfaction. The outcome of Pearson Correlation Analysis shows positive correlation between subjective happiness and the following factors, namely social network, social trust, altruism, social value, job satisfaction, incentive factors and hygiene factors. The result demonstrates that the more social capital one possesses, the higher the subjective happiness s/he obtains, and vice versa. The result of the t-test demonstrates that the difference between social enterprise group and comparison group in terms of subjective happiness is not significant. However, variables relevant to subjective happiness, namely job satisfaction, values, social network, motivator, hygiene factors, and altruistic behavior, are significantly different between social enterprise group and the ordinary company group. The former group scores higher than the latter.

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