题名

工作－休閒衝突、社會支持與幸福感之關係

并列篇名

The Relationships of Work-leisure Conflict, Social Support and Well-being

DOI

10.6267/JTLS.2006.12(3)1

作者

翁振益(Jehn-Yih Wong)；林若慧(Jo-Hui Lin)

关键词

工作－休閒衝突 ； 幸福感 ； 社會支持 ； work-leisure conflict ； well-being ； social support

期刊名称

觀光研究學報

卷期/出版年月

12卷3期（2006 / 09 / 01）

页次

183 - 205

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

基於反社會的工作時間，使得觀光業員工感到明顯的工作干擾休閒的衝突。本研究旨在探討工作－休閒衝突、社會支持（主管、同事與家庭支持）與員工幸福感（工作、家庭和休閒滿意度）之關係，並驗證社會支持的調節作用。首先依據文獻提出研究假說，其次採用問卷方式調查394位觀光業員工，運用階層迴歸分析方法探討研究變數之間的關係。研究發現：員工所知覺的工作－休閒衝突愈高則其工作與休閒滿意度就會相對愈低；三項社會支持不僅與幸福感呈現顯著正相關，並能調節工作－休閒衝突與幸福感之負面關係。本文除了釐清「工作－休閒衝突」對員工幸福感的擴散效果，並發現「社會支持」的調節效果。最後，為觀光業員工提出適宜的壓力調節模式，以及為觀光業提出工作設計的相關建議。
英文摘要

Because of the anti-social work hours, tourism employees experience apparent conflict of work interference with leisure (WLC). The study explores the relationships between WLC, social support (i.e., supervisor, coworker, and family support) and employees' well-being (i.e., job, family, and leisure satisfactions), and examines the moderating effects of social support. This research was in accorded with literature and proposed research hypotheses. A total of 394 tourism employees completed a questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among WLC, well-being and social support. The study found that the more WLC employees perceived, the lower their job and leisure satisfaction would be. Three types of social support are positive related to well-being, and they also moderate the negative relations of WLC on well-being. The study found the spillover effect of WLC on employees’ well-being and moderating effect of social support. Finally, the results propose a mechanism of stress copying for tourism employees and provide some suggestions about job re-design for tourism sections.
主题分类 人文學 > 地理及區域研究
社會科學 > 體育學
参考文献
  1. Anderson, S. E.,Coffey, B. S.,Byerly, R. T.(2002).Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes.Journal of Management,28(6),787-810.
  2. Babin, B. J.,Boles, J. S.(1996).The effects of perceived coworker involvement and supervisor support on service provider role stress, performance, and job satisfaction.Journal of Retailing,72(1),57-75.
  3. Bagozzi, R. P.,Yi, Y.(1988).On the evaluation of structural equation models.Journal of the Academic of Marketing Science,16(1),74-94.
  4. Boles, J. S.,Babin, B. J.(1996).On the front lines: Stress, conflict, and the customer service provider.Journal of Business Research,37(1),41-50.
  5. Bollen, K. A.(1990).A comment on model evaluation and modification.Multivariate Behavioral Research,25(2),181-185.
  6. Carlson, D. S.,Perrewé, P. L.(1999).The role of social support in the stressor-strain relationship: An examination of work-family conflict.Journal of Management,25(4),513-540.
  7. Chick, G.,Hood, R. D.(1996).Working and recreating with machines: Outdoor recreation choices among machine tool workers in western Pennsylvania.Leisure Sciences,18(4),333-354.
  8. Clark, S. C.(2000).Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/life balance.Human Relations,53(6),747-770.
  9. Cohen, J.,Cohen, P.(1983).Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavior Sciences.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  10. Cohen, S.,Hoberman, H. M.(1983).Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,13(2),99-125.
  11. Cohen, S.,Wills, T. A.(1985).Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin,98(2),310-357.
  12. Coleman, D.(1993).Leisure based social support, leisure dispositions and health.Journal of Leisure Research,25(4),350-361.
  13. Diener, E.,Suh, E. M.,Lucas, R. E.,Smith, H. L.(1999).Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.Psychological Bulletin,125(2),276-302.
  14. Ellis, G. D.,Witt, P. A.(1986).The leisure diagnostic battery: Past, present, and future.Therapeutic Recreation Journal,20(4),31-47.
  15. England, G. W.(1991).The meaning of working in the USA: Recent changes.European Work and Organizational Psychologist,1(2/3),111-124.
  16. Fisher, C. D.(1985).Social support and adjustment to work: A longitudinal study.Journal of Management,11(3),39-53.
  17. Fornell, C.,Larcker, D.(1981).Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement errors.Journal of Marketing Research,18(1),39-50.
  18. Frone, M. R.,Russell, M.,Cooper, M. L.(1992).Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface.Journal of Applied Psychology,77(1),65-78.
  19. Ganster, D. C.,Fusilier, M. R.,Mayes, B. T.(1986).Role of social support in the experience of stress at work.Journal of Applied Psychology,71(1),102-110.
  20. Gilbert, D.,Abdullah, J.(2004).Holiday taking and the sense of well-being.Annals of Tourism Research,31(1),103-121.
  21. Glynn, L. M.,Christenfeld, N.,Gerin, W.(1999).Gender, social support, and cardiovascular responses to stress.Psychosomatic Medicine,61(2),234-242.
  22. Greenhaus, J. H.,Beutell, N. J.(1985).Sources of conflict between work and family roles.Academy of Management Review,10(1),76-88.
  23. Guest, D. E.(2002).Perspectives on the study of work-life balance.Social Science Information,41(2),255-279.
  24. Heaney, C. A.,Price, R. H.,Rafferty, J.(1995).Increasing coping resources at work: A field experiment to increase social support, improve work team functioning, and enhance employee mental health.Journal of Organizational Behavior,16(4),335-352.
  25. Heintzman, P.,Mannell, R. C.(2003).Spiritual functions of leisure and spiritual well-being: Coping with time pressure.Leisure Sciences,25(2/3),207-230.
  26. Holohan, C. K.,Gilbert, L. A.(1979).Conflict between major life roles: Women and men in dual career couples.Human Relations,32(6),451-467.
  27. Hull, R. B.,Michael, S. E.(1995).Nature-based recreation, mood change and stress restoration.Leisure Sciences,17(1),1-14.
  28. Iso-Ahola, S. E.,Park, C. J.(1996).Leisure-related social support and self-determination as buffers of stress-illness relationship.Journal of Leisure Research,28(3),169-187.
  29. Iso-Ahola, S. E.,Weissinger, E.(1984).Leisure and well-being: Is there a connection?.Parks and Recreation,18(6),40-44.
  30. Iwasaki, Y.,Mannell, R.(2000).Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping.Leisure Sciences,22(3),163-181.
  31. Jöreskog, K. G.,Sörbom, D.(1992).LISEREL: A Guide to the Program and Applications.Chicago:Scientific Software International Inc..
  32. Kaufmann, G. M.,Beehr, T. A.(1986).Interactions between job stressors and social support: Some counterintuitive results.Journal of Applied Psychology,71(3),522-526.
  33. Kelly, J. R.(1972).Work and leisure: A simplified paradigm.Journal of Leisure Research,41(1),50-62.
  34. King, L. A.,Mattimore, L. K.,King, D. W.,Adams, G. A.(1995).Family support inventory for workers: A new measure of perceived social support from family members.Journal of Organization Behavior,16(3),235-258.
  35. Landerman, R.,George, L. K.,Campbell, R. T.,Blazer, D. G.(1989).Alternative models of the stress buffering hypothesis.American Journal of Community Psychology,17(5),625-642.
  36. Law, J.,Pearce, P. L.,Woods, B. A.(1995).Stress and coping in tourist attraction employees.Tourism Management,16(4),277-284.
  37. Leavy, R. L.(1983).Social support and psychological disorder: A review.Journal of Community Psychology,11(1),3-21.
  38. Lloyd, K. M.,Auld, C. J.(2002).The role of leisure in determining quality of life: Issues of content and measurement.Social Indicators Research,57(1),43-71.
  39. McFillen, J. M.,Reigel, C. D.,Enz, C. A.(1986).Why restaurant managers quit and how to keep them.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,27(3),36-43.
  40. Munroe, S. M.,Steiner, S. C.(1986).Social support and psychopathology: Interrelations with preexisting disorder, stress and personality.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,95(1),29-39.
  41. Namasivayam, K.,Mount, D. J.(2004).The relationship of work-family conflicts and family-work conflict to job satisfaction.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research,28(2),242-250.
  42. Neal, J. D.,Sirgy, M. J.,Uysal, M.(1999).The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/ tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life.Journal of Business Research,44(3),153-163.
  43. Near, J. P.,Smith, C. A.,Rice, R. W.,Hunt, R. G.(1984).A comparison of work and nonwork predictors of life satisfaction.Academy of Management Journal,27(1),184-190.
  44. Neter, J.,Wasserman, W.,Kutner, M. H.(1989).Applied Linear Regression Models.Homewood, IL:Richard D. Irwin, Inc..
  45. Neulinger, J.,Breit, M.(1971).Attitude dimensions of leisure: A replication study.Journal of Leisure Research,3(1),108-115.
  46. O`Driscoll, M. P.,Ilgen, D. R.,Hildreth, K.(1992).Time devoted to job and off-job activities, interrole conflict, and affective experiences.Journal of Applied Psychology,77(3),272-279.
  47. Parasuraman, S.,Greenhaus, J. H.,Granrose, C. S.(1992).Role stressors, social support, and well-being among two-career couples.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(4),339-356.
  48. Pavesic, D. V.,Brymer, R. A.(1990).Job satisfaction: What's happening to the young managers?.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,30(1),90-96.
  49. Quintanilla-Ruiz, S. A.,Wilpert, B.(1991).Are work meanings changing?.European Work and Organizational Psychologist,1(2/3),91-109.
  50. Ragheb, M. G.(1993).Leisure and perceived wellness: A field investigation.Leisure Sciences,15(1),13-24.
  51. Rice, R. W.,Frone, M. R.,McFarlin, D. B.(1992).Work-nonwork conflict and the perceived quality of life.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(2),155-168.
  52. Rodríguez, I.,Bravo, M. J.,Peiró, J. M.(2001).The demands-control-support model, locus of control and job dissatisfaction: A longitudinal study.Work and Stress,15(2),97-114.
  53. Shumaker, S. A.,Brownell, A.(1984).Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps.Journal of Social Issues,40(4),11-36.
  54. Smilkstein, G.(1978).The family APGAR: A proposal for a family function test and its use by physicians.Journal of Family Practice,6(6),1231-1239.
  55. Snir, R.,Harpaz, I.(2002).Work-leisure relations: Leisure orientation and the meaning of work.Journal of Leisure Research,34(2),178-203.
  56. Staines, G. L.(1980).Spillover versus compensation: A review of the literature on the relationship between work and nonwork.Human Relations,33(2),111-129.
  57. Terry, D. J.,Nielsen, M.,Perchard, L.(1993).Effects of work stress on psychological well-being and job satisfaction: The stress-buffering role of social support.Australian Journal of Psychology,45(3),168-175.
  58. Thomas, L. T.,Ganster, C. D.(1995).Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective.Journal of Applied Psychology,80(1),6-15.
  59. Thompson, J. A.,Bunderson, J. S.(2001).Work-nonwork conflict and the phenomenology of time: Beyond the balance metaphor.Work and Occupations,28(1),17-39.
  60. Wheeler, R. J.,Frank, M. A.(1988).Identification of stress buffers.Behavioral Medicine,14(2),78-89.
  61. Wilensky, H. L.(1960).Work, careers and social integration.International Social Science Journal,12(3),543-560.
  62. 黃寶園(2004)。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所未出版之博士論文。
被引用次数
  1. 曾碩文、李盈霖、江彥政(2015)。農村居民社區參與對幸福感之影響。造園景觀學報，20(4)，61-80。
  2. 林永森(2016)。遊憩涉入與遊憩專門化關係之研究—兼論社會支持調節效果。戶外遊憩研究，29(3)，43-76。
  3. 劉士豪、翁振益、林若慧(2008)。以社會支持調適第一線員工的工作—非工作衝突與提昇生活品質。管理與系統，15(3)，355-376。
  4. 歐典灝、歐人豪、陳寬裕(2009)。認真休閒特質與幸福感之研究：兼論配偶支持的干擾效果。觀光休閒學報，15(2)，113-140。
  5. 潘豐泉、黃信錚、徐茂洲(2008)。運動彩券行銷組合活動與類型對購買意願關係之研究。休閒產業管理學刊，1(3)，44-56。
  6. 王偉琴(2023)。運動休閒服務業員工自由時間管理、活動涉入、恢復經驗與主觀幸福感之研究。臺灣體育運動管理學報，23(1)，133-161。
  7. 徐茂洲(2009)。職棒運動觀賞者對運動彩券行銷組合活動、類型與購買意願之研究。運動休閒管理學報，6(2)，35-52。
  8. 鄭喬箏,陳瑞峰,李明儒(2019)。澎湖家庭旅遊者之休閒動機、涉入對其休閒效益與幸福感之研究－以家庭支持為干擾。休閒產業管理學刊，12(1)，41-62。
  9. 鄭天明,連緯祥(2019)。高科技產業休閒支持的來源。戶外遊憩研究，32(1)，63-89。
  10. 鄭天明,張台達(2011)。自行車遊憩者休閒涉入、休閒－家庭衝突與幸福感間之關係研究。休閒運動健康評論，2(2)，144-163。
  11. (2013)。中高齡者家庭資源與生活滿意度關係之研究：世代差異的分析。成人及終身教育學刊，21，1-33。
  12. (2024)。青少年社會支持與幸福感之研究：以親子依附觀點。管理資訊計算，13(2)，202-211。
print cancel