從性別與年齡探討銀髮族安康旅館服務與設備需求之差異

Gender and Age Variations on Demand of Services and Facilities for Wellness Hotels among Older Adults

10.6267/JTLS.2010.16(3)1

何景華(Ching-Hua Ho)

銀髮族 ； 安康旅遊 ； 服務 ； 設備 ； 住宿需求 ； older adults ； wellness tourism ； services ； facilities ； demands of accommodation

觀光休閒學報

16卷3期（2010 / 12 / 01）

189 - 210

繁體中文

本研究主要在探討性別與年齡對於安康旅館服務與設施之關聯性。樣本為1,103位50歲以上具有旅遊及住宿經驗的銀髮族；其中女性占55%(n=610)，男性占45%(n=493)。本研究將銀髮族分為女性50~64歲、男性50~64歲、女性65歲（含）以上、男性65歲（含）以上等四個族群，就其需求與內涵分別探討之。探索性因素分析共產生三項服務因素：「休閒養生課程」、「個人化專業照護與服務」、「舒適宜人的環境」以及四項設施因素：「友善浴室環境」、「大字鍵標示設計」、「室內照明與安全設施」、「安全感應設備」。變異數分析(ANOVA)進一步發現，性別與年齡對於安康旅館服務與設施之需求皆有顯著的影響。總的來說，不管對65歲（含）以上之銀髮族或是50~64歲之潛在銀髮族而言，女性比男性更加重視飯店的服務與設施。本研究結果對於休閒和旅遊產業在開發熟齡市場時，具有相當的意義。

This paper examines how gender and age are related to demand for various wellness hotel services and facilities. In total, 1,103 older adults who had travel and accommodation experiences were involved in this survey study. The sample consisted of people aged 50 and older. 55% (n=610) of participants were females, and 45% (n=493) were males. The sample was divided into four groups: ”young-older females” aged 50-64, ”young-older males” aged 50-64, ”old-older females” aged 65 and older, and ”old-older males” aged 65 and older. The exploratory factor analysis was used to divide a list of wellness hotel services into three factors: Leisure and Wellness Programs, Personalized Care and Medical Services, and Comfort and Relax Environment. Similarly, factor analysis helped to divide a list of wellness hotel facilities into four factors: Friendly Restroom, Enlarged Signs and Designs, Lighting and Safety Facilities, and Safety Alarm Systems. The ANOVA analyses were further carried out to test the relationships of gender and age to the three factors assessing demands of wellness services as well as the four factors assessing demands of wellness facilities. Significant results were found for all of the three services factors and the four facilities factors. In conclusion, women were more likely than men to consider wellness services and facilities important regardless of ”young-older adults” or ”old-older adults.” The results of the study may have implications for the leisure and tourism industry in targeting ”maturing markets.”

1. 呂銀益、呂謙、徐揚、王瑞麟、李麗瓊、邱裕新(2002)。第34屆世棒賽賽會服務品質與服務滿意度研究。台灣體育運動管理學報，1，35-54。
   連結：
2. 李維靈、施建彬、邱翔蘭(2007)。退休老人休閒活動參與及其幸福感之相關研究。人文暨社會科學期刊，3(2)，27-35。
   連結：
3. 行政院經建會，(2010)，2010 年至2060 年臺灣人口推計【線上資料】，來源：http://www.cepd.gov.tw/dn.aspx?uid=8966 [2010, September 15]。
4. World Health Organization. (1948). Constitution of the World Health Organization.Retrieved November 15, 2009, from http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/About_SEARO_const.pdf
5. 行政院主計處，(2008)，中老年狀況調查【線上資料】，來源：http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=24893&ctNode=5183 [2010, April 30]。
6. 黃朗文，吳明燁，(2010)，現代社會：性別關係【線上資料】，來源：http://vschool.scu.edu.tw/Class01/Title.asp?Data_Code=91 [2010, October 10]。
7. 內政部統計處，(2008b)，中華民國97 年中老年狀況調查統計結果綜合分析【線上資料】，來源：http://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/972915445771.doc [2010, April 30]。
8. The European Foundation for Quality Management, [EFQM]. (2009). Céad míle fáilte: An improved welcome at hotels in Ireland. Retrieved December 20, 2009, from http://ww1.efqm.org/en/PdfResources/Failte%20Ireland.pdf
9. 內政部統計處，(2005)，中華民國94 年台閩地區老人狀況調查結果摘要分析【線上資料】，來源：http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/ [2010, April 30]。
10. 行政院經建會，(2006)，中華民國臺灣97 年至145 年人口推計【線上資料】，來源：http://www.cepd.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0000455 [2010, April 30]。
11. 行政院體委會，(2009)，國民體能介紹—健康體能與全人健康【線上資料】，來源：http://www.sac.gov.tw/WebData/WebData.aspx?WDID=51&wmid=193 [2010, April 30]。
12. 內政部統計處，(2008a)，97 年國民生活狀況調查摘要分析【線上資料】，來源：http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Survey/97 年國民.doc [2010, April 30]。
13. 孫中英，(2000，10 月1 日)，潤福老人住宅成功經驗可學習，聯合報，24 版。
14. Ananth, M.,DeMicco, F. J.,Moreo, P. J.,Howey, R. M.(1992).Marketplace lodging needs of mature travelers.The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,33(4),12-24.
15. Anspaugh, D. J.,Hamrich, M. H.,Rosato, F. D.(2003).Wellness: Concepts and applications.Boston, MA:McGraw-Hill.
16. Ardell, D. B.(1997).High level wellness.Berkeley, CA:Ten Speed Press.
17. Banerjee, B.,McKeage, K.(1994).How green is my value: Exploring the relationship between environmentalism and materialism.Advances in Consumer Research,21(1),147-152.
18. Benson, H.,Stuart, E. M.(1992).The wellness book.New York:Birch Lane Press.
19. Benson, L. F.(1993).Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania State University.
20. Brey, E. T.,Klenosky, D. B.,Lehto, X.,Morrison, A. M.(2008).Standard hospitality elements at resorts: An empirical assessment.Journal of Travel Research,47(2),247-258.
21. Cheng, C. Y.(2006).Living alone: The choice and health of older women.Journal of Gerontological Nursing,32(9),16-23.
22. Donaldson, S.,Taylor, S.(1996).The mature market segment in hospitality: Grey clouds or a silver lining?.5th Annual Hospitality Research Conference,Loughborough:
23. Duarte, A.(1992).Women on the road: Are they safe?.Meetings and Conventions,1992(October),76-81.
24. Dunn, H. L.(1961).High level wellness.Arlington, VA:Beatty Press.
25. Gilbert, D. C.,Van De Weerdt, M.(1991).The health care tourism product in Western Europe.Tourism Review,46(2),5-10.
26. Gordon, J. S.(ed.)(1984).Mind, body and health.New York:Human Sciences Press.
27. Hartman, J. D.,Qu, H.(2007).The senior travel market: Do's and don'ts.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism,8(2),67-81.
28. Ho, C.-H.,Payne, L.,Orsega-Smith, E.,Godbey, G.(2003).Parks, recreation and public health.Parks & Recreation,38(4),18-27.
29. Homburg, C.,Giering, A.(2001).Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty-An empirical analysis.Psychology and Marketing,18(1),43-66.
30. House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology(2000).Complementary and alternative medicine.London:The Stationery Office.
31. Howell, R. A.,Moreo, P. J.,DeMicco, F. J.(1993).A qualitative analysis of hotel services desired by female business travelers.Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,1(4),115-132.
32. Hwang, Y.-H.,Fesenmaier, D. R.(2006).The nature of Japanese travelers' multidestination trips in the United States.Tourism Review International,9(3),271-280.
33. Iacobucci, D.,Ostrom, A.(1993).Gender differences in the impact of Gender differences in the impact of core and relational aspects of services on the evaluation of service encounters.Journal of Consumer Psychology,2(3),257-286.
34. Johnson, P.(1990).Over 55s gold amongst the grey: Economic trends in population-last 25 years, next 10 years.ADMAP,14-17.
35. Laroche, M.,Bergeron, J.,Barbaro-Forleo, G.(2001).Targeting consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products.Journal of Consumer Marketing,18(6),503-520.
36. Marshall, A.(2004).Gray matters: How to profit from an aging marketplace.Hotel & Motel Management,219(5),8.
37. Marvel, M.(1999).Competing in hotel services for seniors.International Journal of Hotel Management,18(3),235-243.
38. McCleary, K. W.,Weaver, P. A.,Lan, L.(1994).Gender-based differences in business travelers' lodging preferences.The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,35(2),51-58.
39. Mittal, V.,Kamakura, W. A.(2001).Satisfaction, repurchase intent, and repurchase behavior: Investigating the moderating effect of customer characteristics.Journal of Marketing Research,38(1),131-142.
40. Mueller, H.,Kaufmann, E. L.(2001).Wellness tourism: Market analysis of a special health tourism segment and implications for the hotel industry.Journal of Vacation Marketing,7(1),5-17.
41. Payne, L.,Orsega-Smith, E.,Godbey, C.,Roy, M.(1998).Local parks and recreation and the health of older adults.Parks & Recreation,33(10),56-63.
42. Rosenberg, J.(2000).50-plus on the move.Advertising Age,71(29),S2.
43. Roubenoff, R.(2001).Origins and clinical relevance of sarcopenia.Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism,26(1),78-89.
44. Ryan, C.(1997).The tourist experience.London:Cassell.
45. Sammons, G.,Moreo, P.,Benson, L. F.,Demicco, F.(1999).Analysis of female business travelers' selection of lodging accommodations.Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,8(1),65-83.
46. Shaffer, D. R.(1999).Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole Pub.
47. Shoemaker, S.(2000).Segmenting the mature market: 10 years later.Journal of Travel Research,39(1),11-26.
48. Simon, E.(2000).A safe haven.Hotel & Motel Management,217(15),24-26.
49. Vieregge, M.,Phetkaew, P.,Beldona, S.,Lumsden, S. A.,DeMicco, F. J.(2007).Mature travelers to Thailand: A study of preferences and attributes.Journal of Vacation Marketing,13(2),165-179.
50. Wang, T. W.,Kuo, L. A.(2006).Masculine identities in Taiwanese youths: A social constructionist qualitative study.26th International Congress of Applied Psychology,Athens, Greece:
51. Weiermair, K.(ed.),Mathies, C.(ed.)(2004).The tourism and leisure industry: Shaping the future.New York:Haworth Press.
52. Weiermair, K.,Steinhauser, C.(2003).New tourism clusters in the field of sports and health: The case of Alpine wellness.Meeting of the 12th International Tourism and Leisure Symposium,Barcelona:
53. Whitford, M.(1998).Market in motion.Hotel and Motel Management,213(7),41-43.
54. 佐橋慶女(2001)。銀髮族創意住家。臺北:林鬱。
55. 吳彬安(2008)。國立臺灣大學管理學院高階公共管理組。
56. 呂玉瑕(1984)。婦女就業與家庭角色、權力結構之關係。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，56，111-143。
57. 李惠霞(2004)。世新大學觀光學系研究所。
58. 張晉芬(2002)。性與性別社會學研究。台灣社會，臺北:
59. 陳芳儀(2002)。銘傳大學觀光研究所。
60. 游裕祥(2006)。國立嘉義大學休閒事業管理研究所。
61. 黃秀玲(1999)。國立政治大學社會學系研究所。
62. 黃慧珠(1991)。中國文化大學觀光事業研究所。
63. 趙曉萍(2004)。銘傳大學觀光研究所。
64. 蔡心妤(2004)。國立臺北科技大學創新設計研究所。
65. 織田敏次(1998)。新世紀老人照護。台北:漢新。

1. 陳光華、余嬪、何景華(2014)。以 EFQM 模式發展安康旅宿經營表現評量指標與業者協助需求。觀光休閒學報，20(3)，241-267。
2. 賴靖憲,陳宜棻,方祖德(2020)。以方法目的鏈探討中高齡者旅遊價值內涵。觀光休閒學報，26(1)，1-34。
3. 林若慧,何景華,王豪(2019)。安康旅遊市場之區隔：安康生活型態與安康活動偏好。觀光休閒學報，25(3)，335-360。
4. 蕭佳琳、余嬪(2012)。長者安康學習旅遊興趣與住宿相關服務重要性覺知。觀光休閒學報，18(2)，111-134。
5. 葉千綺、沈進成(2018)。高齡溫泉遊客旅遊滿意、生活滿意及其重遊意願：安康旅遊的觀點。戶外遊憩研究，31(3)，1-31。
6. 鐘御桓、賴妤洵、林宜欣、李元榮、吳倩萍(2017)。遊客來臺背景因素對觀光外匯收入之影響。鄉村旅遊研究，10(2)，39-57。
7. 周鴻騰(2021)。「孝親安康學習旅遊」在地實踐之成效分析。發展與前瞻學報，33，3-39。