基於區塊鏈的旅遊服務：訂房流程再造並探索其Oracle問題

Blockchain-Based Tourism Services: Reengineering the Accommodation Booking Process and Exploring Its Oracle Problems

10.6267/JTLS.202212_28(3).0001

張樹之(Shuchih Ernest Chang)；王孟暄(Meng-Hsuan Wang)；胡紘維(Hong-Wei Hu)

區塊鏈 ； 智能合約 ； 共享經濟 ； 旅遊區塊鏈 ； Oracle（預言機）問題 ； blockchain ； smart contract ； sharing economy ； tourism blockchain ； oracle problems

觀光休閒學報

28卷3期（2022 / 12 / 01）

273 - 312

繁體中文;英文

區塊鏈在旅遊產業上的應用逐年增加，其中也包含了線上旅遊平台。以平台經濟為主的共享經濟概念因此出現，但許多旅遊服務商的線上資源必須透過第三方中介商提供，導致系統流程複雜度提高、資訊不透明、佣金花費過高、數據難以驗證和資源浪費等問題。本研究針對以上問題提出兩項主要研究項目，分別是（1）消除中介商以提供買賣雙方更透明又安全的交易模式、（2）針對客房預訂平台情境下的Oracle（預言機）問題加以改善。Oracle問題的出現，則是由於區塊鏈透過Oracle向外界取得資訊，但無法驗證其資訊來源的真實性。本研究藉由區塊鏈的多項特性來建立線上旅遊服務平台，首先透過使用者案例分析（use case analysis）來設計平台服務流程，然後進行Ethereum（以太坊）上的智能合約自動化程序的開發，並利用其Provable套件向外部取得資料進行相關驗證來減緩Oracle問題，其主要目的是為了在建立旅遊區塊鏈應用的同時，改善再中介化所產生的問題，藉此增加民眾對於平台的信任，發揮旅遊區塊鏈的價值。

The application of blockchain in the tourism industry is increasing year by year, which also includes online travel platforms. The sharing economy, which is built on the platform economy, has arisen. Today's travel service providers' online resources must be provided through third-party intermediaries, leading to issues such as high complexity of system processes, opaque information, high commission costs, difficult data verification, and wasted resources. This study aims to mitigate these issues to (1) eliminate intermediaries for providing both buyers and sellers a more transparent and safe transaction model, and (2) improve the Oracle problems in the context of accommodation booking platforms. Such Oracle problems arise because the blockchain collects information from the outside world through Oracle, yet it is unable to check the veracity of its information sources. This study creates an online accommodation booking service with blockchain-enabled features, by first designing the platform service process through use case analysis, and then developing the smart contract automation programs on Ethereum. Afterwards, we use Provable to alleviate the Oracle problems that obtains data from external parties with relevant validation. In so doing, this study improves the problems that arise from reintermediation while building a blockchain-enabled travel application, consequently and hopefully increasing the public trust on the accommodation booking platform.

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