再探苗栗四縣客家話單字調傳統調查與聲學分析的調值描寫差異

A Comparison of the Tonal Values of the Citation Tones in Miaoli Sixian Hakka between Traditional Survey and Acoustic Analysis: Revisited

鄭明中(Ming-chung Cheng)；鍾世英(Shih-ying Chung)；張月珍(Yueh-chen Chang)

客家話 ； 聲學 ； 單字調 ； 四縣 ； T值公式 ； Hakka ； acoustics ； citation tone ； Sixian ； normalization

聯大學報

21卷1期（2024 / 08 / 01）

69 - 93

繁體中文;英文

本研究比較苗栗四縣客家話單字調傳統調查與聲學分析的調值描寫差異。本研究收錄6位年齡在65歲左右的發音人（3男3女）所發出的單字調語料，分析這些單字調語料的基頻數值，這些基頻數值最後以傳統T值公式與改良式T值公式進行聲調五度制標準化。分析結果顯示，不論是傳統T值公式或改良式T值公式，陽平調、上聲調、陰入調在聲學分析與傳統調查之間的調值描寫差異頗大。最後，本研究透過「聲調產製」與「聲調感知」的不同、「五度標調法」的分度定義不清，以及傳統調查聲調描寫的「人為主觀性」等三個面向，闡釋傳統調查與聲學分析在這些聲調的調值描寫差異。

This study compared the descriptive difference of tonal values between traditional survey and acoustic analysis in the citation tones of Miaoli Sixian Hakka. This study collected tonal data from six informants (3 males and 3 females) at their age of around 65, analyzed the foundamental frequencies of the collected tones, and normalized these values into the five-point tonal scale by the traditional T-value formula and the modified T-value formula. Results showed that, no matter which normalization formulas were used, great descriptive difference appeared in Yangping, Shangsheng, and Yinru between traditional survey and acoustic analysis. This study interpreted the descriptive difference of tonal values by (a) the difference between tonal production and tonal perception, (b) the unclear definition of the "points" in the five-point tonal scale, and (c) the subjectivity in traditional survey in the descriptions of tone values.