靈性與戒癮：基督教戒毒村海洛因戒癮者的靈性之旅

Spirituality and Drug Abstinence: The Spiritual Journey of Heroin Use Abstainers in a Christianity Drug Rehabilitation Village

蔡佩真(Pei-Jen Tsai)

靈性 ； 宗教 ； 戒癮 ； spirituality ； religion ； drug abstinence

東吳社會工作學報

28期（2015 / 06 / 01）

109 - 137

繁體中文

研究目的：靈性可以促進健康狀態與提升生活品質，宗教則是靈性的外顯以及靈性表達的方式之一，是人們內在的優勢與資源。物質濫用是生理問題，也使人陷入靈性的困境，宗教信仰如何在戒癮過程啟發靈性的經驗與轉化，是本文的關切；研究方法：採用質性研究法，以基督教戒毒村之23位海洛因戒癮者為研究對象，分析戒癮者的靈性療癒經驗；研究結果：戒癮者的靈性經驗包括（1）戒毒目標的新理解，從戒毒到身心靈的重建，（2）自我的調整，包括心態上的降服，不再認為靠自己可以戒毒成功、誠實面對自我，不再自欺欺人、得著寬恕，重新來過、良知的甦醒，內控力的產生、恢復人的尊嚴；（3）與至高者（God）的連結，包括敬天與自律、建立新的依靠，從依賴毒品到依賴至高者（God）；研究結論：經由靈性的開展，可協助戒癮者更誠實面對自己，並且在靈性成長中培養勇氣與韌性，在復發危機中達到戒癮的治標與治本，生命再建構。靈性觀點可以提供藥癮戒治的新思維。

Purpose: Spirituality can improve people's health and quality of life. Religion is one manner of outward expression and description of the spiritual. It can provide people with inner strength and resources. Substance abuse is not only a physiological problem, but also a trap and spiritual dilemma, for addicts. The aim of this paper is to explore how religion provides spiritual care to addicts and helps them become rehabilitated. Methods: The interview method was used to explore the spiritual experiences of twenty-three heroin use abstainers in a Christianity drug rehabilitation village. Results: The main findings are as follows. First, the interviewees have obtained a new understanding of the goal of treatment by focusing on rebuilding a healthy body, mind, and spirit. Second, they have made self-adjustments, including changing their mindset, facing themselves honestly, avoiding lying to other people or to themselves, accepting mercy, awakening their conscience, developing internal control, and restoring a sense of dignity. Finally, they rebuilt their relationship with God, including respecting God, practicing self-discipline, and building new reliance on God instead of drugs. Conclusions: Spiritual care and the development of addicts' spirituality can help heroin use abstainers to develop their capacity for courage and resilience, not only curing the symptoms but also the disease and continuing addiction relapses, and rebuild their lives. Spirituality can bring new insights to drug addiction treatment.

1. Chao, C. S.,Chen, C. H.,Yen, M. F.(2002).The essence of spirituality of terminally ill patients.The Journal of Nursing Research,10(4),237-245.
   連結：
2. 陳碧珍(2011)。宗教戒毒歷程中生命轉化與家人關係復和的探究。犯罪學期刊，14(2)，1-39。
   連結：
3. 晨曦會（2012）。2012 年5 月份行政會議紀錄（未公開）。
4. 法務部（2011）。〈毒品案件統計－摘要分析（pdf）〉。瀏覽日期2011 年2 月28 日，網址：http://www.moj.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=35128&CtNode=27434&mp=001
5. Canda, E. R.(1988).Spirituality, religious diversity, and social work practice.Social Casework -Journal of Contemporary Social Work,69(4),238-247.
6. Corey, G.(2001).Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy.USA:Thomson Brooks/Cole.
7. De Leon, G.(2000).The therapeutic community: Theory, model, and method.Springer Publishing Company.
8. Emmons, R. A.,Paloutzian, R. F.(2003).The psychology of religion.Annual Review of Psychology,54(1),377-402.
9. Galanter, M.(2006).Spirituality and addiction: A research and clinical perspective.The American Journal on Addictions,15(4),286-292.
10. Gill, C. S.,Barrio Minton, C. A.,Myers, J. E.(2010).Spirituality and religiosity: Factors affecting weilness among low-income, rural women.Journal of Counseling & Development,88(3),293-302.
11. Hahn, D. B.,Payne, W. A.(2003).Focus on health.Boston:McGraw-Hill.
12. Heinz, A.,Epstein, D. H.,Preston, K. L.(2007).Spiritual/Religious experiences and in-treatment outcome in an inner-city program for heroin and cocaine dependence.Journal of Psychoactive Drugs,39(1),41-49.
13. Joseph, M. V.(1988).Religion and social work practice.Social Casework,69(7),443-452.
14. Kissman, K.,Maurer, L.(2002).East meets WestTherapeutic aspects of spirituality in health, mental health and addiction recovery.International Social Work,45(1),35-43.
15. Koenig, H. G.(2004).Religion, spirituality, and medicine: Research findings and implications for clinical practice.Southern Medical Journal,97(12),1194-1200.
16. Koslander, T.,Arvidsson, B.(2007).Patients' conceptions of how the spiritual dimension is addressed in mental health care: A qualitative study.Journal of Advanced Nursing,57(6),597-604.
17. McManus, J.(2006).Spirituality and health.Nursing Management,13(6),24-27.
18. McSherry, W.(2006).The principal components model: A model for advancing spirituality and spiritual care within nursing and health care practice.Journal of Clinical Nursing,15(7),905-917.
19. Miller, W. R.,Bogenschutz, M. P.(2007).Spirituality and addiction.Southern Medical Journal,100(4),433-436.
20. Mohr, W. K.(2006).Spiritual issues in psychiatric care.Perspectives in Psychiatric Care,42(3),174-183.
21. Myers, J. E.,Sweeney, T. J.(2005).Counseling for wellness: Theory, research, and practice.Amer Counseling Assn.
22. Narayanasamy, A.(2004).The puzzle of spirituality for nursing: A guide to practical assessment.British Journal of Nursing,13(19),1140-1144.
23. National Association of Social Workers(2013).NASW standards for social work practice with clients with substance use disorders.
24. O'Connell, K. A.,Skevington, S. M.(2007).To measure or not to measure? Reviewing the assessment of spirituality and religion in health-related quality of life.Chronic Illn,3(1),77-87.
25. O'Dea, T. F.(1983).The sociology of religion.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
26. Powell, L. H.,Shahabi, L.,Thoresen, C. E.(2003).Religion and spirituality. Linkages to physical health.The American Psychologist,58(1),36-52.
27. Purnell, M. J.,Walsh, S. M.,Milone, M. A.(2004).Oncology nursing education: Teaching strategies that work.Nursing Education Perspectives,25(6),304-308.
28. Rehnsfeldt, A.(2005).The relevance of the ethics of understanding of life in nursing.International Journal for Human Caring,9(4),39-44.
29. Smith, J.,McSherry, W.(2004).Spirituality and child development: A concept analysis.Journal of Advanced Nursing,45(3),307-315.
30. Speck, P.(2005).The evidence base for spiritual care.Nursing Management,12(6),28-31.
31. Stenbacka, M.,Stattin, H.(2007).Adolescent use of illicit drugs and adult offending: A Swedish longitudinal study.Drug and Alcohol Review,26(4),397-403.
32. Sulmasy, D. P.(2002).A biopsychosocial-spiritual model for the care of patients at the end of life.The Gerontologist,42(3),24-33.
33. Wiklund, L.(2008).Existential aspects of living with addiction -part II: Caring needs. A hermeneutic expansion of qualitative findings.Journal of Clinical Nursing,17(18),2435-2443.
34. Wiklund, L.,Lindström, U. Å.,Lindholm, L.(2006).Suffering in addiction : A struggle with life.Theoria Journal of Nursing Theory,15(2),7-16.
35. Yuen, E. J.(2007).Spirituality, religion, and health.American Journal of Medical Quality,22(2),77-79.
36. Zakrzewski, R. F.,Hector, M. A.(2004).The lived experiences of alcohol addiction: Men of Alcoholics Anonymous.Issues in Mental Health Nursing,25(1),61-77.
37. 王富弘(1996)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中，東海大學公共行政學系。
38. 安辰赫(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所。
39. 江惠民(2007)。我國之毒品問題防治及對策。研考雙月刊，31(6)，14-24。
40. 行政院衛生署疾病管制局(2005)。,台北:。
41. 周子敬(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。嘉義，國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所。
42. 胡萃玲(1996)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所。
43. 趙星光(1996)。宗教信仰、同儕團體與毒（藥）隱戒治—晨曦會福音戒毒初探。信仰與行為矯治論文集，台北:
44. 蔡佩真(1990)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中，東海大學社會工作研究所。
45. 蔡佩真(2007)。宗教信仰與喪親者的悲傷療癒。安寧療護，12(4)，385-394。
46. 鄭玄藏譯、余振民譯、黃淑清譯、彭瑞祥譯、趙祥和譯、蔡藝華譯(2003)。諮商與心理治療：理論與實務。台北:雙葉書廊。

1. 蔡佩真(2019)。藥癮康復者復元評估與社會復歸之相關性研究。東吳社會工作學報，36，57-85。
2. 黃莉蕎、張鳳琴(2017)。家長面對子女藥物濫用的心理歷程及因應經驗之探究。學校衛生，71，75-109。
3. 賴思璇、王伯頎(2018)。女性藥癮者戒治生命歷程初探。中國地方自治，71(6)，29-61。
4. 齊沛瑜、童伊廸、陳心怡、唐宜楨、王炯珵(2018)。K他命膀胱炎患者中止物質濫用歷程之探究。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，37(2)，206-219。
5. 鄭曉楓,陳秀卿(2019)。探討毒品受刑人在品味團體課程之學習。中華輔導與諮商學報，55，161-195。