政策變遷下之社區社會工作專業職能與教育省思

Reflections on Professional Competencies and Education of Community Social Work and Related Policy Changes

蕭文高(Wen-Kao Hsiao)

社區政策 ； 社區工作 ； 職能 ； community policy ； community work ； competency

東吳社會工作學報

40期（2021 / 06 / 01）

63 - 88

繁體中文

社區工作是社會工作三大基礎工作方法之一，近年來隨著政府大量建構以社區為基礎之政策計畫，同步補助專職人事經費，為社區社會工作者開啟進入社區之工作機會，因此，本文研究目的在於依社區政策變遷主軸，了解社區社會工作者被賦予專業角色之轉變，並就社區工作專業職能與教育規劃提出相關討論與省思。經過文獻及政策文件之檢閱，本文區分三種社區社會工作者類型：輔導型、在地型與外展型，並整理七種基礎核心職能：社區描繪、社區組織及管理、社區資源開發與統合、方案規劃與評估、社區工作行政、社區充權、倡導。另為建立學生對社區工作之專業想像與認同，在社區工作教育課程安排上，建議應結合理論與實務知識，增加學生參與實習與實作機會，並進行跨課程內容之整合，最後亦就社區社會工作職能與教育提出討論與省思。

Community work is one of the three basic practice methods of social work. Because of a lot of community-based policy and personnel subsidy has initiated by the government, community social workers (CSW) get more employment opportunities in recent years. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role transformation of CSW under related policy changes, discuss and reflect professional competencies and education planning of community work. After literature and policy document review, three types of CSW were classified: Mentor, Localized, and Outreach; and seven basic core competencies were listed: community mapping, community organization and management, community resource development and integration, program planning and evaluation, community work administration, community empowerment, and advocacy. For the sake of framing students' imagination and identity on community work, this study suggests that related courses should integrate academic and practice knowledge, enhance practicum and field study opportunities, and negotiate cross-course arrangements. Finally, reflections on the professional competencies and education of community social work were issued.

1. 鄭怡世(2006)。國立暨南國際大學社會政策與社會工作學系。
   連結：
2. 蕭文高(2019)。社區組織參與老人預防照顧體系之社區治理分析。臺大社會工作學刊，40，131-166。
   連結：
3. Apgar, D.(2020).Increasing social work students’ participation in macro specialization: The impossible dream?.Advances in Social Work,20(3),709-724.
4. Applewhite, S. R.,Kao, D.,Pritzker, S.(2018).Educator and practitioner views of professional competencies for macro social work practice.International Social Work,61(6),1169-1186.
5. Austin, M. J.(2019).Pathways for promoting macro practice in social work education: A commentary.Human Services Organization,43(4),241-257.
6. Austin, M. J.,Coombs, M.,Barr, B.(2005).Community-centered clinical practice: Is the integration of micro and macro social work practice possible?.Journal of Community Practice,13(4),9-30.
7. Boehm, A.,Cohen, A.(2013).Commitment to community practice among social work students: Contributing factors.Journal of Social Work Education,49(4),601-618.
8. Cohen, A.,Shenaar-Golan, V.(2018).What are social work students’ perceptions of the community practice method?.Journal of Community Practice,26(3),23-40.
9. Council on Social Work Education(2018).Specialized practice curricular guide for macro social work practice.Alexandria:CSWE.
10. Das, C.,O’Neill, M.,Pinkerton, J.(2016).Re-engaging with community work as a method of practice in social work: A view from Northern Ireland.Journal of Social Work,18(4),375-393.
11. Farley, O. W.,Smith, L. L.,Boyle, S. W.(2012).Introduction to social work.London:Pearson.
12. Feldman, G,Frankenburg, R.,Bdeer, R.(2021).Beautiful stranger: Voices from the front lines of community practice in Israel.Health and Social Care in the Community,29(1),145-153.
13. Gamble, D. N.(2011).Advanced concentration macro competencies for social work practitioners: Identifying knowledge, values, judgment and skills to promote human well-being.Journal of Community Practice,19(4),369-402.
14. Gutiérrez, L, M.,Gant, L. M.(2018).Community practice in social work: Reflections on its first century and directions for the future.Social Service Review,92(4),617-646.
15. Hardcastle, D. A.,Powers, P. R.,Wenocur, S.(2011).Community practice: Theories and skills for social workers.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
16. International Association of Schools of Social Work (2018). Global social work statement of ethical principles. Available at: https://www.iassw-aiets.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Global-Social-Work-Statement-of-Ethical-Principles-IASSW-27-April-2018-1.pdf.
17. Johnson, A. K.(1998).The revitalization of community practice: Characteristics, competencies, and curricula for community-based services.Journal of Community Practice,5(3),37-62.
18. Lucero, J. L.,Evers, J.,Roark, J.,Parker, D.(2017).Using community-based research to improve BSW students’ learning in community practice: Bringing the macro into focus for traditional and distance learners.Journal of Teaching in Social Work,37(3),260-279.
19. Martin, M. E.,Pine, B. A.,Healy, L. M.(1999).Mining our strengths: Curriculum approaches in social work management.Journal of Teaching in Social Work,18(1-2),73-97.
20. McBeath, B.(2016).Re-envisioning macro social work practice.Families in Society,97(1),5-14.
21. Mendes, P.(2009).Teaching community development to social work students: A critical reflection.Community Development Journal,44(2),248-262.
22. Patil, A.(2013).Community organization and development: An Indian perspective.Mumbai:Phi Learning.
23. Pippard, J. L.,Bjorklund, R. W.(2003).Identifying essential techniques for social work community practice.Journal of Community Practice,11(4),101-116.
24. Rothman, J.(2012).Education for macro intervention: A survey of problems and prospects.Livonia:Association for Community Organization and Social Administration.
25. Rothman, J.(2007).Multi modes of intervention at the macro level.Journal of Community Practice,15(4),11-40.
26. Rothman, J.,Mizrahi, T.(2014).Balancing micro and macro practice: A challenge for social work.Social Work,59(1),91-94.
27. Sawyer, J. M.,Brady, S. R.(2020).A framework for analyzing, developing, and applying community practice interventions.Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare,47(3),113-141.
28. Sewpaul, V.,Henrickson, M.(2019).The (r)evolution and decolonization of social work ethics: The global social work statement of ethical principles.International Social Work,62(6),1469-1481.
29. Sites, W.,Chaskin, R. J.,Parks, V.(2007).Reframing community practice for the 21St century: Multiple traditions, multiple challenges.Journal of Urban Affairs,29(5),519-541.
30. Sousa, C. A.,Yutzy, L.,Campbell, M.,Cook, C.,Slates, S.(2019).Understanding the curricular needs and practice contexts of macro social work: A community-based process.Journal of Social Work Education,56(3),533-547.
31. Thomas, M. L.,O’Connor, M. K,Netting, F. E.(2011).A framework for teaching community practice.Journal of Social Work Education,47(2),337-355.
32. Weil, M.(ed.) ,Reish, M.(ed.) ,Ohmer, M. L.(ed.)(2013).The Handbook of Community Practice.Thousand Oaks:Sage.
33. 王培勳(2002)。我國社區發展工作之回顧。社區發展季刊，100，44-60。
34. 吳明儒(2012)。從社區評鑑制度探討未來社區發展工作。社區發展季刊，138，64-84。
35. 吳明儒,李聲吼,劉宏鈺,張玲如,邱琬瑜,黃俐婷(2018).社區工作.臺中:華格納.
36. 李易駿(2020).當代社區工作：計畫與發展實務.臺北:雙葉書廊.
37. 李易駿(2016)。傳承與蛻變：我國社區發展的新方向。社區發展季刊，154，56-68。
38. 李易駿(2016)。社區培力中心的發展與未來展望。臺灣社區工作與社會研究學刊，6(2)，133-152。
39. 李易駿,賴兩陽(2015)。公益彩券回饋金補助研究報告公益彩券回饋金補助研究報告,公益彩券。
40. 林萬億,李易駿,李宜興,賴兩陽,黃彥宜,吳明儒,黃肇新,張麗珠,黃盈豪(2020).社區工作：理論與實務工作手冊.臺北:雙葉書廊.
41. 徐震(2008).徐震教授論社區工作.臺北:松慧.
42. 黃煌雄,郭石吉,林時機(2001).社區總體營造總體檢調查報告書.臺北:遠流.
43. 臺北市都市社區發展委員會(1965).社區發展講習資料彚編.臺北市都市社區發展委員會.
44. 劉弘煌(2014)。從社區評鑑與社區培力看臺灣的社區發展。社區發展季刊，145，349-364。
45. 蔡宗翰(2012)。東吳大學社會工作學系。
46. 衛生福利部社會及家庭署(2015).家庭福利服務中心工作指引手冊.臺北:衛生福利部社會及家庭署.
47. 衛生福利部社會及家庭署（編）(2015).家庭福利服務中心工作指引手冊.臺北:衛生福利部社會及家庭署.
48. 鄭如雅,李易駿(2011)。社區工作者核心能力之探討：專業社會工作者之經驗與觀點。臺灣社區工作與社區研究學刊，1(1)，1-44。
49. 蕭文高(2007)。國立暨南國際大學社會政策與社會工作學系。
50. 賴兩陽(2011)。以社區圖像編織美麗國家：臺灣社區工作的回顧與前瞻。社區發展季刊，133，445-461。
51. 賴兩陽(2016).聯合社區的理念、實踐與反思：以「福利化社區旗艦型計畫」為例.臺北:洪葉.

1. 蕭文高(2023)。社區照顧關懷據點督導人員之專業角色壓力與職能需求。臺大社會工作學刊，48，115-155。
2. (2022)。本土社區輔導實務工作模式之建構。社區發展季刊，179，62-79。
3. (2024)。社區工作者之專業知能運用與學習來源分析。臺大社會工作學刊，49，1-52。