組織變革不確定感與員工工作態度關係之研究－以組織溝通和員工信任為中介變數

Employee Uncertainty towards Organizational Change and Employee Working Attitude: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Communication and Employee Trust

10.6147/JHRM.2006.0602.05

余明助(Ming-Chu Yu)

組織變革 ； 不確定感 ； 組織溝通 ； 信任 ； 員工工作態度 ； Organizational change ； Perceived uncertainty ； Organizational communication ； Trust ； Employee work attitude

人力資源管理學報

6卷2期（2006 / 06 / 01）

89 - 110

繁體中文

本研究的目的在探討組織變革時所產生不確定感、組織溝通、信任與工作態度之間的關係。有效問卷260份來自變革後的中華電信公司員工。透過因素分析、信度分析及運用線性結構模式(LISREL)來驗證各研究構念的影響關係。結果發現組織變革不確定感對組織溝通、信任有顯著的負向影響。再者，組織變革不確定感、信任分別對工作態度有顯著的正向影響，但組織溝通對員工工作態度不顯著。組織變革認知會透過組織溝通和員工信任的中介作用，正向顯著影響員工的工作態度。故本研究建議企業在推動變革時，應舉辦個人小型說明會多與員工溝通，強化員工的信任感，以提高員工對組織的認同、工作投入和工作滿意。

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among the employee uncertainty towards organizational changes, organizational communication, employee trust, and employee working attitudes. Two hundred and sixty effective surveys were received by employees of Chunghwa Telecom Company, which was undergoing change. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, using the LISREL model to measure the relationship amongst the constructs. Results showed that the employee uncertainty towards organizational change has a negative influence on employee trust and organizational communication. Employee uncertainty towards organizational change and employee trust has a positive influence on employee working attitude. However, organizational communication is not a significant influence on employee working attitude. The mediating effects of employee trust and organizational communication towards the understanding of organizational change can positively influence employee working attitude. As a result it is suggested that informational seminars be instituted within the organization in order to communicate with and consolidate employee trust, and to improve the employee organizational identification, job involvement, and job satisfication.

1. 郭順成、趙必孝、王喻平、陳榮德(2004)。政府組織再造對員工組織承諾與工作投入影響之研究－以精省爲例。人力資源管理學報，4(1)，1-28。
   連結：
2. 廖國鋒、范森、吳振昌(2002)。預期組織變革不確定感對員工工作反應影響之實證研究。台大管理論叢，13(1)，227-256。
   連結：
3. Anthony, W. P.、Perrewe, P. L.、Kacrmar, K. M.(1999)。Human Resource Management。Dryden:
4. Ashford, S. J.,Lee, C.,Bobko, P.(1989).Contant, causes, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test.Academy of Management Journal,32(4),803-829.
5. Bhattacharya, R.,Devinney, T. M.,Pillutla, M. M.(1998).A formal model of trust based on outcomes.Academy of Management Review,23(3),459-472.
6. Blau, G. J.,Boal, K. B.(1987).Conceptualizing how job involvement and organizational commitment affect turnover and absenteeism.Academy of Management Review,12(2),288-301.
7. Butler, J. K.(1983).Reciprocity of trust between professionals and their secretaries.Psychological Reports,53,411-416.
8. Chandler, F. G.(1995).Fundamentals of business communication.Chicago:Irwin Press.
9. Cook, J.,Wall, T. D.(1980).New work attitudes measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment.Journal of Organizational Psychology,53(1),39-52.
10. Cremer, D. D.(2005).Procedural and distributive justice effects moderated by organizational identification.Journal of Managerial Psychology,20(1),4-13.
11. Cunha, R. C.,Cooper, C. L.(2002).Does privatization affect corporate culture and employee wellbeing?.Journal of Mangerial Psychology,17(1),21-49.
12. Daft, R. L.,Steers, R. M.(1986).Organizations: A micro/macro approach.Illinois:Scott Foresman and Company.
13. Davis, K.(1989).Human behavior at work.New York:McGraw-Hill Book Co.
14. Dekker, S.W.,Schaufeli, W. B.(1995).The effects of job insecurity on psychological health and withdrawal: A longitudinal study.Australian Psychologist,30,57-63.
15. Deluga, R. J.(1994).Supervisor trust building, leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,67,315-326.
16. DiFonzo, N.,Bordia, P.(1998).A tale of two corporations: Managing uncertainty during organizational change.Human Resource Management,37(3/4),295-304.
17. Doby, V. J.,Caplan, R. D.(1995).Organizational stress as threat to reputation: Effects on anxiety at work and at home.Academy of Management Journal,38,1105-1123.
18. Downs, C. W.,Hazen, M. D.(1977).A factor analytic study of communication satisfaction.Journal of Business Communication,14,63-73.
19. Federico, R. F.(1996).The great E-mail debate.HR Magazine,41(1),67-70.
20. Garnett, J.,Kouzmin, A.(2000).Strategic change in organizational communication: Emerging trends for wealth formation in the new millennium.Strategic Change,9(1),555-565.
21. Goris, J. R.,Pettit, J. D.,Vaught, B. C.(2002).Organizational communication: Is it a moderator of the relationship between job congruence and job performance/satisfaction?.International Journal of Management,19(4),664-673.
22. Greenhalgh, L.,Rosenblatt, Z.(1984).Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity.Academy of Management Review,9,438-448.
23. Hagen, J. M.,Choe, S.(1998).Trust in Japanese interfirm relations: Institutional sanctions matter.Academy of Management Review,23(3),589-601.
24. Hodge, B. J.,Johnson, H. J.(1970).Managementand organizational behavior.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
25. Hui, C.,Lee, C.(2000).Moderating effects of organization-based self-esteem on organizational uncertainty: employee response relationships.Journal of Management,26(2),215-232.
26. Igharia, M.,Greenhaus, J. H.(1992).Determinants of MIS employees, turnover intentions: A Structure Equation Model.Personal Management,35(2),34-49.
27. Jones, G. R.,Geoge, J. M.(1998).The experience and evolution of trust: Implications for cooperation and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,23(3),531-547.
28. Kanungo, R. N.(1982).Measurement of job work involvement.Journal of Applied Psychology,67,341-349.
29. Kirkman, B. L.,Shapiro, D. L.(2001).The impact of cultural values on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in self-managing work teams: The mediating of employee resistance.Academy of Management Journal,44(3),557-570.
30. Lewicki, R. J.,McAllister, D. J.,Bies, R. J.(1998).Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities.Academy of Management Review,23(3),438-459.
31. Lewis, J. D.,Weigert, A.(1985).Trust as a social reality.Social Forces,63(4),967-985.
32. Lewis, L. K.,Seibold, D. R.(1998).Reconceptualizing organizational change implementation as a communication problem: A review of literature and research agenda.Communication Yearbook,21,93-151.
33. Lodahl, T. M.,Kejner, M.(1965).The difinition & measurement of job involvement.Journal of Applied Psychology,49,24-33.
34. Martin, S.,Parker, D.(1997).The impact of privatization: Ownership and corporate performance in the UK.London:Routledge.
35. Mayer, R. C.,Davis, H.,Schoorman, F. D.(1995).An integrative model of organizational trust.Academy of Management Review,20(3),709-734.
36. Miller, V. D.,Allen, M.,Casey, M. K.,Johnson, J. R.(2000).Reconsidering the organizational identification questionnaire.Management Communication Quarterly,13(4),626-658.
37. Moore, S. F.,Shaffer, L. S.,Pollak, E. L.,Taylor-Lemcke, P.(1987).The effect of interpersonal trust and prior common problem experience on common management.Journal of Social Psychology,127,19-29.
38. Nichoson, J. H.(1980).Unpublished master`s thesis, Vanderbilt University.
39. Nyhan, R. C.(2000).Changing the Paradigm: Trust and its role in public sector organizations.American Review of Public Administration,30(1),87-109.
40. Pettit, J. D.,Goris, J. R.,Vaught, B. C.(1997).An examination of organizational communication as a moderator of the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction.The Journal of Business Communication,34(1),81-99.
41. Pincus, J. D.(1986).Communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance.Human Communication Research,12,395-419.
42. Podaskoff, P. M.,Organ, D. W.(1986).Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects.Journal of Management,12(4),531-544.
43. Podsakoff, P. M.,Mackenzie, S. B.,Moorman, R. H.,Fetter, R.(1990).Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers, trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior.Leadership Quarterly,1(2),107-142.
44. Putti, J. M.,Aryee, S.,Liang, T. K.(1990).Work values and organizational commitment: A study in the Asian context.Human Relations,42,275-288.
45. Rajnandini, P.,Schriesheim, C. A.,Williams, E. S.(1999).Fairness perceptions and trust transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study.Journal of Management,25,897-933.
46. Robbins, S. P.(1992).Essentials of organizational behavior.New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
47. Robert, D. C.,Selim, S. I.,Jason, J. B.(1998).A multi-dimensional study of trust in organizations.Journal of Managerial Issue,10,303-317.
48. Robertson, P. J.,Roberts, D. R.,Porras, J. I.(1993).Dynamics of planned organizational change: Assessing empirical support for a theoretical model.Academy of Management Journal,36(3),619-635.
49. Ruppel, C. P.,Harrington, S. J.(2000).The relationship of communication, ethical work climate, and trust to commitment and innovation.Journal of Business Ethics,25(4),313-329.
50. Savas, E. S.(1992).Privatization in post-socialist countries.Public Administration Review,52(6),573-582.
51. Schabracq, M.,Cooper, C.(1998).Toward a phenomenological framework for the study of work and organizational stress.Human Relations,51,625-648.
52. Schweiger, D. M.,DeNisi, A. S.(1991).Communication with employees following a merger: A Longitudinal field experiment.Academy of Management Journal,34,110-135.
53. Scott, W. G.,Mitchell, T. R.(1976).Organizational theory: A structural and behavioral aAnalysis.Homewood Ill, Richard D., Irwin, Inc.
54. Sharma, N.,Patterson, P. G.(1999).The impact of communication effectiveness and service quality on relationship commitment in consumer, professional services.The Journal of Services Marketing,13(2),151-170.
55. Smidts, A.,Pruyn, A. H.,Riel, C. B. M.(2001).The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification.Academy of Management Journal,44(5),1051-1062.
56. Smith, P. C.,Kendall, L. M.,Hulin, C. L.(1969).The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement.Chicago:Rand McNally.
57. Storseth, F.(2004).Maintaining work motivation during organizational change.International Journal of Human Resource Management,4,267-287.
58. Taylor, J. R.(1993).Rethinking the theory of organizational communication.New Jersey:Ablex press.
59. Vakola, M.,Nikolaou, I.(2005).Attitudes towards organizational change: What is the role of employees` stress and commitment?.Employee Relations,27(1/2),160-174.
60. Whitener, E. M.(2001).Do "commitment" human resource practices affect employee commitment? A cross-level analysis using hierachical linear modeling.Journal of Management,27(5),515-536.
61. Zucker, L. G.(1986).Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840-1920.Research in Organizational Behavior,18,53-111.
62. 丁月琴(1998)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立雲林科技大學企業管理技術研究所。
63. 呂世模(1999)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立交通大學經營管理研究所。
64. 林冠宏(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立中正大學企業管理管理研究所。
65. 胡其安(1998)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。銘傳大學管理科學研究所。
66. 馬志明(2001)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立中央大學資訊管理研究所。
67. 梁芷菁(2003)。銘傳大學公共事務學研究所。
68. 許道然(2002)。博士論文(博士論文)。國立政治大學公共行政學系。
69. 劉世南(2000)。因應不確定性策略之研究－以員工對組織變革態度爲例。第五屆華人心理與行爲科技學術研討會
70. 劉芳君(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所。
71. 劉貞妤(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立東華大學企業管理研究所。
72. 鄭坤裕(2000)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立交通大學經營管理研究所。
73. 蘇月琴(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東師範學院國民教育研究所。

1. 汪季婷(2017)。探討護理人員之情緒勞務、工作壓力及工作態度對工作績效之影響。義守大學管理碩博士班學位論文。2017。1-58。