题名

提升工作團體認同:探討轉換型領導與部屬性格之角色

并列篇名

Increasing Group Identification: Exploring the Roles of Transformational Leadership and Followers' Personality

DOI

10.6147/JHRM.2013.1302.04

作者

陳彥君(Yen-Chun Chen);許含笑(Han-Hsiao Hsu)

关键词

性格 ; 轉換型領導 ; 團體認同 ; personality ; transformational leadership ; group identification

期刊名称

人力資源管理學報

卷期/出版年月

13卷2期(2013 / 06 / 01)

页次

73 - 100

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

提高員工對所屬團體的認同有助於工作績效,因此工作團體認同在學術與實務界都是持續關注的課題。過去研究多半從情境因素探討如何提高團體認同,較少探討個人特質如何影響認同的過程,而且探討轉換型領導與團體認同關係的研究也忽略了部屬的個別差異。因此本研究主要探討五大人格特質與團體認同的關係,並檢驗轉換型領導對上述關係之調節效果。本研究分兩個時間點收集資料,共取得來自35個工作團體的432份樣本,並且以階層線性模式(HLM)進行假設驗證。結果發現,部屬的勤勉正直和親和性與其團體認同為正向關係。在調節效果方面,轉換型領導會正向調節開放性與團體認同之關係;轉換型領導會負向調節外向性和神經質與團體認同之關係。最後,本研究提出研究意涵與未來建議之討論。

英文摘要

It is suggested that group identification has positive impact on job performance. The issue of increasing group identification is a lasting concern in academic and practical field. Past research focused on situational factors, which can enhance group identification, but far less research has explored the effect of personality on identification. Studies on transformational leadership and group identification also neglected the individual differences among group members. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between followers' big five personality traits and group identification, and the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the above relationship. We collected data in two waves and the final sample included 432 employees from 35 work groups, and we used hierarchical linear models to examine all hypotheses. The results showed that follower's conscientiousness and agreeableness were positively related to group identification. Moreover, transformational leadership moderated the relationship between three traits (i.e., openness, extraversion, and neuroticism) and group identification. Finally, the implication and suggestion was discussed.

主题分类 社會科學 > 心理學
社會科學 > 社會學
社會科學 > 經濟學
社會科學 > 管理學
社會科學 > 法律學
参考文献
  1. 林家五(2006)。認定與認同在組織中的運作歷程:利益關係者理論的觀點。人力資源管理學報,6(3),119-142。
    連結:
  2. 林鉦棽(2005)。組織公民行為之跨層次分析:層級線性模式的應用。管理學報,22,503-524。
    連結:
  3. 張火燦、劉嘉雯、許宏明、繆敏志、童志隆(2011)。主管心情感染與員工創新行為的關係:敬業貢獻與工作倦怠的中介角色。人力資源管理學報,11(2),1-24。
    連結:
  4. 陸洛、謝碧霞、潘君鳳(2009)。職場性別公平現況與性別公平知覺對工作態度之影響─台灣全國樣本之分析。管理實務與理論研究,3(3),78-102。
    連結:
  5. 彭台光、林鉦棽(2008)。組織現象和層次議題:非獨立性資料的概念和實徵。組織與管理,1(1),95-121。
    連結:
  6. 彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽(2006)。管理研究中的共同方法變異:問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報,23,77-98。
    連結:
  7. 溫金豐(2005)。新進專業人員的組織社會化戰術與組織認同之關係:工作經驗與成長需求強度的干擾效應。台大管理論叢,15(2),143-164。
    連結:
  8. 溫金豐、林裘緒、錢書華(2011)。轉換型領導與組織認同:領導者組織典範性知覺的調節效果。台大管理論叢,21(2),265-285。
    連結:
  9. 鄭伯壎、林姿葶、鄭弘岳、周麗芳、任金剛、樊景立(2010)。家長式領導與部屬效能:多層次分析觀點。中華心理學刊,52,1-23。
    連結:
  10. Weber, M. 1947. The theory of social and economic organizations. New York: The Free Press.
  11. Fiske, D. W. 1949. Consistency of factorial structures of personality ratings from different sources. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44: 329-344.
  12. Allen, N. J.,Meyer, J. P.(1990).The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization.Journal of Occupational Psychology,63,1-18.
  13. Amason, A. C.(1996).Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams.Academy of Management Journal,39,123-148.
  14. Ashforth, B. E.,Mael, F. A.(1989).Social identity theory and the organization.Academy of Management Review,14,20-39.
  15. Avolio, B. J.(Ed.),Yammarino, F. J.(Ed.)(2002).Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead.Bingley, UK:Emerald Group.
  16. Bagozzi, R. P.,Edwards, J. R.(1998).A general approach for representing constructs in organizational research.Organizational Research Methods,1,45-87.
  17. Barrick, M. R.,Mount, M. K.(1991).The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A metaanalysis.Personnel Psychology,44,1-26.
  18. Bartels, J.,Pruyn, A.,de Jong, M.,Joustra, I.(2007).Multiple organizational identification levels and the impact of perceived external prestige and communication climate.Journal of Organizational Behavior,28,173-190.
  19. Bartko, J. J.(1976).On various intraclass correlation reliability coefficients.Psychological Bulletin,83,762-765.
  20. Bass, B. M.(1998).Transformational leadership: Industry, military, and educational impact.Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
  21. Bass, B. M.(1985).Leadership and performance beyond expectations.New York:Free.
  22. Bass, B. M.,Avolio, B. J.(1990).The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team, and organizational development.Research in Organizational Change and Development,4,231-272.
  23. Bass, B. M.,Avolio, B. J.(1997).Full range leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire.Palo Alto, CA:Mind Garden.
  24. Bass, B. M.,Stogdill, R. M.(1990).Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications.New York:Free.
  25. Bono, J. E.,Judge, T. A.(2004).Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: A metaanalysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,89,901-910.
  26. Bono, J. E.,Judge, T. A.(2003).Self-concordance at work: Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leaders.Academy of Management Journal,46,554-571.
  27. Brewer, M. B.,Manzi, J. M.,Shaw, J. S.(1993).In-group identification as a function of depersonalization, distinctiveness, and status.Psychological Science,4,88-92.
  28. Brockner, J.,Higgins, E. T.,Low, M. B.(2004).Regulatory focus theory and the entrepreneurial process.Journal of Business Venturing,19,203-220.
  29. Brown, M. E.,Treviño, L. K.(2006).Ethical leadership: A review and future directions.Leadership Quarterly,17,595-616.
  30. Browne, M. W.,Cudeck, R.(1992).Alternative ways of assessing model fit.Sociological Methods & Research,21,230-258.
  31. Burns, J. M.(1978).Leadership.New York:Haper & Row.
  32. Chang, E. C.(Ed.),Sanna, L. J.(Ed.)(2003).Virtue, vice, and personality: The complexity of behavior.Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
  33. Chen, G.,Kirkman, B. L.,Kanfer, R.,Allen, D.,Rosen, B.(2007).A multilevel study of leadership, empowerment, and performance in teams.Journal of Applied Psychology,92,331-346.
  34. Coffman, D. L.,MacCallum, R. C.(2005).Using parcels to convert path analysis models into latent variable models.Multivariate Behavioral Research,40,235-259.
  35. Costa, P. T., Jr.,McCrae, R. R.(1992).Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO fivefactor inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional manual.Odessa, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources.
  36. Costa, P. T., Jr.,McCrae, R. R.(1988).From catalog to classification: Murray's needs and the five-factor model.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,55,258-265.
  37. Cummings, L. L.(Ed.),Staw, B. M.(Ed.)(1983).Research in organizational behavior.Greenwich, CT:JAI.
  38. Day, D. V.,Silverman, S. B.(1989).Personality and job performance: Evidence of incremental validity.Personnel Psychology,42,25-36.
  39. De Cremer, D.,van Knippenberg, D.(2004).Leader self-sacrifice and leadership effectiveness: The moderating role of leader self-confidence.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,95,140-155.
  40. Dooley, R. S.,Fryxell, G. E.(1999).Attaining decision quality and commitment from dissent: The moderating effects of loyalty and competence in strategic decision-making teams.Academy of Management Journal,42,389-402.
  41. Dutton, J. E.,Dukerich, J. M.,Harquail, C. V.(1994).Organizational images and member identification.Administrative Science Quarterly,39,239-263.
  42. Epitropaki, O.,Martin, R.(2005).The moderating role of individual differences in the relation between transformational/transactional leadership perceptions and organizational identification.Leadership Quarterly,16,569-589.
  43. Erdheim, J.,Wang, M.,Zickar, M. J.(2006).Linking the big five personality constructs to organizational commitment.Personality and Individual Differences,41,959-970.
  44. Felfe, J.,Schyns, B.(2010).Followers' personality and the perception of transformational leadership: Further evidence for the similarity hypothesis.British Journal of Management,21,393-410.
  45. Foreman, P.,Whetten, D. A.(2002).Members' identification with multiple identity organizations.Organizational Science,13,618-635.
  46. Fuller, J. B.,Marler, L. E.,Hester, K.,Frey, L.,Relyea, C.(2006).Construed external image and organizational identification: A test of the moderating influence of need for self-esteem.Journal of Social Psychology,146,701-716.
  47. Goldberg, L. R.(1992).The development of markers for the big-five factor structure.Psychological Assessment,4,26-42.
  48. Grant, A. M.,Berry, J.(2011).The necessity of others is the mother of invention: Intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective-taking, and creativity.Academy of Management Journal,54,73-96.
  49. Hair, J. F., Jr.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.,Black, W. C.(1995).Multivariate data analysis.New York:Macmillan.
  50. Harrison, D. A.,Price, K. H.,Gavin, J. H.,Florey, A. T.(2002).Time, teams, and task performance: Changing effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on group functioning.Academy of Management Journal,45,1029-1045.
  51. Hogg, M. A.(2001).A socials identity theory of leadership.Personality and Social Psychology Review,5,184-200.
  52. Hogg, M. A.,Terry, D. J.(2000).Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts.Academy of Management Review,25,121-140.
  53. House, R. J.(1976).A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership.Leadership: The cutting edge,Carbondale, IL:
  54. Hu, L. T.,Bentler, P. M.(1999).Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives.Structural Equation Modeling,6,1-55.
  55. James, L. R.,Demaree, R. G.,Wolf, G.(1984).Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias.Journal of Applied Psychology,69,85-98.
  56. James, L. R.,Demaree, R. G.,Wolf, G.(1993).An assessment of within-group interrater agreement.Journal of Applied Psychology,78,306-309.
  57. Janssen, O.,Huang, X.(2008).Us and me: Team identification and individual differentiation as complementary drivers of team members' citizenship and creative behaviors.Journal of Management,34,69-88.
  58. Judge, T. A.,Cable, D. M.(1997).Applicant personality, organizational culture, and organization attraction.Personnel Psychology,50,359-394.
  59. Judge, T. A.,Heller, D.,Mount, M. K.(2002).Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A metaanalysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,87,530-541.
  60. Judge, T. A.,Piccolo, R. F.(2004).Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity.Journal of Applied Psychology,89,755-768.
  61. Jung, D. I.,Avolio, B. J.(2000).Opening the black box: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of trust and value congruence on transformational and transactional leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior,21,949-964.
  62. Kark, R.,Shamir, B.,Chen, G.(2003).The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency.Journal of Applied Psychology,2,246-255.
  63. Keller, R. T.(2006).Transformational leadership, initiating structure, and substitutes for leadership: A longitudinal study of research and development project team performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,91,202-210.
  64. Kelman, H. C.(1961).Processes of opinion change.Public Opinion Quarterly,25,57-78.
  65. Kessler, T.,Hollbach, S.(2005).Group-based emotions as determinants of ingroup identification.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,41,677-685.
  66. Klein, K. J.,Kozlowski, S. W. J.(2000).Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
  67. Korsgaard, M. A.,Meglino, B. M.,Lester, S. W.(1997).Beyond helping: Do other-oriented values have broader implications in organizations?.Journal of Applied Psychology,82,160-177.
  68. Kreiner, G. E.,Ashforth, B. E.(2004).Evidence toward an expanded model of organizational identification.Journal of Organizational Behavior,25,1-27.
  69. Kumar, K.,Bakhshi, A.(2010).The five-factor model of personality and organizational commitment: Is there any relationship?.Humanity & Social Sciences Journal,5,25-34.
  70. Landis, R. S.,Beal, D. J.,Tesluk, P. E.(2000).A comparison of approaches to forming composite measures in structural equation models.Organizational Research Methods,3,186-207.
  71. Leary, M. R.(Ed.),Tangney, J. P.(Ed.)(2003).Handbook of self and identity.New York:Guilford.
  72. Long, R. J.(1978).The effects of employee ownership on organizational identification, employee job attitudes, and organizational performance: A tentative framework and empirical findings.Human Relations,31,29-48.
  73. Mael, F.,Ashforth, B. E.(1992).Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13,103-123.
  74. McCrae, R. R.(1994).Openness to experience: Expanding the boundaries of Factor V.European Journal of Personality,8,251-272.
  75. Milgram, N.,Tenne, R.(2000).Personality correlates of decisional and task avoidant procrastination.European Journal of Personality,14,141-156.
  76. Mowday, R. T.,Porter, L. W.,Steers, R. M.(1982).Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover.New York:Academic.
  77. Muchinsky, P. M.,Monahan, C. J.(1987).What is person-environment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit.Journal of Vocational Behavior,31,268-277.
  78. Nasser, F.,Takahashi, T.(2003).The effect of using item parcels on ad hoc goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: An example using Sarason's reactions to tests.Applied Measurement in Education,16,75-97.
  79. Oakes, P. J.,Haslam, S. A.,Turner, J. C.(1994).Stereotyping and social reality.Oxford, UK:Blackwell.
  80. Organ, D. W.,Lingl, A.(1995).Personality, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Social Psychology,135,339-350.
  81. Panaccio, A.,Vandenberghe, C.(2012).Five-factor model of personality and organizational commitment: The mediating role of positive and negative affective states.Journal of Vocational Behavior,80,647-658.
  82. Parry, K.(2000).Does leadership help the bottom line?.New Zealand Management,47(3),38-41.
  83. Pervin, L. A.(Ed.),John, O. P.(Ed.)(1999).Handbook of persona1ity: Theory and research.New York:Guilford.
  84. Piccolo, R. F.,Colquitt, J. A.(2006).Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics.Academy of Management Journal,49,327-340.
  85. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. B.(1997).Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestion for future research.Human Performance,10,133-151.
  86. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. B.,Moorman, R. H.,Fetter, R.(1990).Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors.The Leadership Quarterly,1,107-142.
  87. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. C.,Lee, J. Y.,Podsakoff, N. P.(2003).Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,88,879-903.
  88. Podsakoff, P. M.,Organ, D. W.(1986).Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects.Journal of Management,12,531-544.
  89. Rafferty, A. E.,Restubog, S. L. D.(2011).The influence of abusive supervisors on followers' organizational citizenship behaviours: The hidden costs of abusive supervision.British Journal of Management,22,270-285.
  90. Raudenbush, S. W.,Bryk, A. S.(2002).Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
  91. Realo, A.,Allik, J.,Vadi, M.(1997).The hierarchical structure of collectivism.Journal of Research in Personality,31,93-116.
  92. Riketta, M.,van Dick, R.(2005).Foci of attachment in organizations: A meta-analysis comparison of the strength and correlates of workgroup versus organizational identification and commitment.Journal of Vocational Behavior,67,490-510.
  93. Sackett, P. R.,Yang, H.(2000).Correction for range restriction: An expanded typology.Journal of Applied Psychology,85,112-118.
  94. Sagiv, L.,Roccas, S.,Hazan, O.(2012).Identification with groups: The role of personality and context.Journal of Personality,80,345-374.
  95. Salancik, G. R.,Pfeffer, J.(1978).A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design.Administrative Science Quarterly,23,224-253.
  96. Saucier, G.(1994).Mini-markers: A brief version of Goldberg's unipolar big-five markers.Journal of Personality Assessment,63,506-516.
  97. Schyns, B.,Sanders, K.(2007).In the eyes of the beholder: Personality and the perception of leadership.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,37,2345-2363.
  98. Shamir, B.,House, R. J.,Arthur, M. B.(1993).The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A selfconcept based theory.Organization Science,4,577-594.
  99. Sluss, D. M.,Klimchak, M.,Holmes, J. J.(2008).Perceived organizational support as a mediator between relational exchange and organizational identification.Journal of Vocational Behavior,73,457-464.
  100. Smidts, A.,Pruyn, A. T. H.,van Riel, C. B. M.(2001).The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification.Academy of Management Journal,49,1051-1062.
  101. Tajfel, H.(Ed.)(1978).Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations.New York:Academic.
  102. Terry, D. J.,Callan, V. J.,Sartori, G.(1996).Employee adjustment to an organizational merger: Stress, coping and intergroup differences.Stress Medicine,12,105-122.
  103. Tett, R. P.,Burnett, D. D.(2003).A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,88,500-517.
  104. Toomela, A.(2008).Noncognitive correlates of education.Learning and Individual Differences,18,19-28.
  105. van Knippenberg, D.,Ellemers, N.(2003).Social identity and group performance: Identification as the key to group-oriented effort.Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice,New York:
  106. van Knippenberg, D.,Sleebos, E.(2006).Organizational identification versus organizational commitment: Selfdefinition, social exchange, and job attitudes.Journal of Organizational Behavior,27,571-584.
  107. Walumbwa, F. O.,Avolio, B. J.,Zhu, W.(2008).How transformational leadership weaves its influence on individual job performance: The role of identification and efficacy beliefs.Personnel Psychology,61,793-825.
  108. Whetten, D. A.(Ed.),Godfrey, P. C.(Ed.)(1998).Identity in organizations: Building theory through conversations.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
  109. Worchel, S.(Ed.),Austin, W. G.(Ed.)(1986).Psychology of intergroup relations.Chicago, IL:Nelson-Hall.
  110. 邱皓政(2004)。量化研究與統計分析。台北:五南。
  111. 黃家齊(2002)。人力資源管理系統與組織績效─智慧資本觀點。管理學報,19,415-450。
被引用次数
  1. 關秀屏(2019)。組織變革後,轉換型領導、適應績效與升遷可能性之關聯性研究。臺灣師範大學科技應用與人力資源發展學系學位論文。2019。1-74。