题名

服務人員之情緒要求如何與何時減損服務績效?工作要求-資源模式的觀點

并列篇名

How and When Do Service Provider's Emotional Demands Impair Service Performance? The Perspective of Job Demands-Resources Model

DOI

10.6147/JHRM.201712_17(4).0001

作者

吳宗祐(Tsung-Yu Wu);鍾佩芳(Pei Fang Chung);王瑜榛(Yu Zhen Wang);高凌政(Ling Cheng Kao);吳溫真(Wen Chen Wu);邱淑芬(Su Fen Chiu);葉穎蓉(Ying-Jung Yeh)

关键词

工作要求—資源模式 ; 情緒要求 ; 工作倦怠 ; 服務績效 ; 職業認定 ; job demands-resources model ; emotional demands ; job burnout ; service performance ; occupational identity

期刊名称

人力資源管理學報

卷期/出版年月

17卷4期(2017 / 12 / 01)

页次

1 - 35

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

本研究依據工作要求—資源模式的觀點,以探討服務人員在工作上的情緒要求如何與何時減損服務績效;具體而言,本研究假設服務人員之情緒要求會透過工作倦怠之中介以減損服務績效(健康耗損歷程),而此一中介歷程會被服務人員之職業認定所調節。本研究透過問卷調查法,蒐集主管與部屬(服務人員)有效對偶資料共211筆,結果發現,服務人員之情緒要求會透過工作倦怠之中介以減損服務績效,服務人員之職業認定會削弱上述中介效果。本研究之理論與實務意涵以及研究限制與未來研究方向,將在最後提出討論。

英文摘要

Based on the perspectives of job demands-resources model, we explore how and when service provider's emotional demands impair service performance; specifically, we predict that emotional demands negatively affects service performance via the mediator of job burnout (health impairment process), and that this mediating process is moderated by service provider's occupational identity. Using questionnaire survey, we collected supervisor-subordinate (service provider) dyad data and obtained 211 valid pairs of data. Results showed that emotional demands impair service performance via the mediator of job burnout. Occupational identity weakens this mediating process. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications as well as limitations and future research directions at the end.

主题分类 社會科學 > 心理學
社會科學 > 社會學
社會科學 > 經濟學
社會科學 > 管理學
社會科學 > 法律學
参考文献
  1. 吳宗祐、甘雅菱、溫宗霖、廖紘億(2016)。被主管苛責,找奧客出氣?由自我控制損害與社會學習之觀點探討主管不當督導到服務人員情緒宣洩的心理機制。人力資源管理學報,16(3),61-92。
    連結:
  2. 吳宗祐、鄭伯壎(2006)。難應付客戶頻次、知覺服務訓練效用兩者及情緒勞動與情緒耗竭之關係 —『資源保存理論』的觀點。管理學報,23,581-599。
    連結:
  3. Aiken, L. S.,West, S. G.(1991).Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  4. Anderson, J. C.,Gerbing, D. W.(1988).Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.Psychological Bulletin,103,411-423.
  5. Ashcraft, K. L.(2013).The glass slipper: "Incorporating" occupational identity in management studies.Academy of Management Review,38,6-31.
  6. Ashforth, B. E.,Harrison, S. H.,Corley, K. G.(2008).Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions.Journal of Management,34,325-374.
  7. Ashforth, B. E.,Humphrey, R. H.(1993).Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity.Academy of Management Review,18,88-115.
  8. Ashforth, B. E.,Kreiner, G. E.(1999)."How can you do it?" Dirty work and the challenge of constructing a positive identity.Academy of Management Review,24,413-434.
  9. Baddely, A.(Ed.),Weiskrantz, L.(Ed.)(1993).Attention, selection, awareness, and control: A tribute to donald broadbent.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.
  10. Bailey, J. J.,McCollough, M. A.(2000).Emotional labor and the difficult customer: Coping strategies of service agents and organizational consequences.Journal of Professional Services Marketing,20(2),51-72.
  11. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.(2007).The job demands-resources model: State of the art.Journal of Managerial Psychology,22,309-328.
  12. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.(2008).Towards a model of work engagement.Career Development International,13,209-223.
  13. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.,Sanz-Vergel, A. I.(2014).Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach.Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,1,389-411.
  14. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2003).Dual processes at work in a call centre: An application of the job demands-resources model.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,12,393-417.
  15. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.,Taris, T. W.,Schaufeli, W. B.,Schreurs, P. J. G.(2003).A multigroup analysis of the job demands-resources model in four home care organization.International Journal of Stress Management,10,16-38.
  16. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.,Verbeke, W.(2004).Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance.Human Resource Management,43,83-104.
  17. Baron, R. M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51,1173-1182.
  18. Baumeister, R. F.(2002).Ego depletion and self-control failure: An energy model of the self's executive function.Self and Identity,1,129-136.
  19. Baumeister, R. F.,Bratslavsky, E.,Muraven, M.,Tice, D. M.(1998).Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource?.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,74,1252-1265.
  20. Bitner, M. J.,Booms, B. H.,Mohr, L. A.(1994).Critical service encounters: The employee's viewpoint.The Journal of Marketing,58(4),95-106.
  21. Bono, J. E.,Glomb, T. M.,Shen, W.,Kim, E.,Koch, A. J.(2013).Building positive resources: Effects of positive events and positive reflection on work stress and health.Academy of Management Journal,56,1601-1627.
  22. Borucki, C. C.,Burke, M. J.(1999).An examination of service-related antecedents to retail store performance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,20,943-962.
  23. Brotheridge, C. M.,Grandey, A. A.(2002).Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of "people work".Journal of Vocational Behavior,60,17-39.
  24. Brown, A.(Ed.),Kirpal, S.(Ed.),Rauner, F.(Ed.)(2007).Identities at work.Dordrecht, Netherlands:Springer.
  25. Carson, K. D.,Bedeian, A. G.(1994).Career commitment: Construction of a measure and examination of its psychometric properties.Journal of Vocational Behavior,44,237-262.
  26. Cavanaugh, M. A.,Boswell, W. R.,Roehling, M. V.,Boudreau, J. W.(2000).An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers.Journal of Applied Psychology,85(1),65-74.
  27. Chang, C. H.,Ferris, D. L.,Johnson, R. E.,Rosen, C. C.,Tan, J. A.(2012).Core self-evaluations: A review and evaluation of the literature.Journal of Management,38,81-128.
  28. Chen, P. Y.(Ed.),Cooper, C. L.(Ed.)(2014).Wellbeing: A complete reference guide, vol. 3: Work and wellbeing.New York:Wiley.
  29. Chenhall, R. H.,Langfield-Smith, K.(2007).Multiple perspectives of performance measures.European Management Journal,25,266-282.
  30. Chi, N.-W.,Grandey, A. A.,Diamond, J. A.,Krimmel, K. R.(2011).Want a tip? Service performance as a function of emotion regulation and extraversion.Journal of Applied Psychology,96,1337-1346.
  31. Clausen, T.,Nielsen, K.,Carneiro, I. G.,Borg, V.(2012).Job demands, job resources and long‐term sickness absence in the Danish eldercare services: A prospective analysis of register‐based outcomes.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68,127-136.
  32. Cordes, C. L.,Dougherty, T. W.(1993).A review and an integration of research on job burnout.Academy of Management Review,18,621-656.
  33. Crawford, E. R.,LePine, J. A.,Rich, B. L.(2010).Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test.Journal of Applied Psychology,95,834-848.
  34. de Jonge, J.,Blanc, P. M.,Peeters, M. C. W.,Noordom, H.(2008).Emotional job demands and the role of matching job resources: A cross-sectional survey study among health care workers.International Journal of Nursing Studies,45,1460-1469.
  35. de Jonge, J.,Dormann, C.(2006).Stressors, resources, and strain at work: A longitudinal test of the triplematch principle.Journal of Applied Psychology,91,1359-1374.
  36. Demerouti, E.,Bakker, A. B.,Nachreiner, F.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2001).The job demands-resources model of burnout.Journal of Applied Psychology,86,499-512.
  37. Duckworth, L. A.,Steen, T. A.,Seligman, M. E. P.(2005).Positive psychology in clinical practice.Annual Review of Clinical Practice,1,629-651.
  38. Edwards, J. R.,Lambert, L. S.(2007).Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis.Psychological Methods,12,1-22.
  39. Elovainio, M.,Kivimäki, M.(2001).The effects of personal need for structure and occupational identity in the role stress process.The Journal of Social Psychology,141,365-378.
  40. Flaxman, E.,Guerrero, A.,Gretchen, D.(1997).Career development effects of career magnets versus comprehensive schools.Berkeley, CA:National Center for Research in Vocational Education.
  41. Frone, M. R.,Russell, M.,Cooper, M. L.(1995).Job stressors, job involvement and employee health: A test of identity theory.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,68,1-11.
  42. Fullerton, R. A.,Punj, G.(1993).Choosing to misbehave: A structural model of aberrant consumer behavior.Advances in Consumer Research,20,570-574.
  43. Geng, L.,Li, S.,Zhou, W.(2011).The relationships among emotional exhaustion, emotional intelligence, and occupational identity of social workers in China.Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal,39,309-319.
  44. Gilbert, D. T.(Ed.),Fiske, S. T.(Ed.)(1998).The handbook of social psychology, vol. 1.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  45. Golembiewski, R. T.(Ed.)(2001).Handbook of organizational behavior.New York:Marcel Dekker.
  46. Grandey, A. A.(2000).Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,5,95-110.
  47. Grandey, A. A.(Ed.),Diefendorff, J. M.(Ed.),Rupp, D. E.(Ed.)(2013).Emotional labor in the 21st century: Diverse perspectives on emotional regulation at work.New York:Routledge.
  48. Grandey, A. A.,Chi, N.-W.,Diamond, J. A.(2013).Show me the money! Do financial rewards for performance enhance or undermine the satisfaction from emotional labor?.Personnel Psychology,66,569-612.
  49. Grandey, A. A.,Gabriel, A. S.(2015).Emotional labor at a crossroads: Where do we go from here?.Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,2,323-349.
  50. Hackman, J. R.,Oldham, G. R.(1980).Work redesign.Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.
  51. Hakanen, J. J.,Schaufeli, W. B.,Ahola, K.(2008).The job demands-resources model: A three-year crosslagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement.Work & Stress,22,224-241.
  52. Harris, R.,Simons, M.,Willis, P.,Carden, P.(2003).Exploring complementarity in on‐and off‐job training for apprenticeships.International Journal of Training and Development,7,82-92.
  53. Hayes, A. F.(2013).Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach.New York:Guilford.
  54. Heuven, E.,Bakker, A. B.,Schaufeli, W. B.,Huisman, N.(2006).The role of self-efficacy in performing emotion work.Journal of Vocational Behavior,69,222-235.
  55. Hirschi, A.(2012).Callings and work engagement: Moderated mediation model of work meaningfulness, occupational identity, and occupational self-efficacy.Journal of Counseling Psychology,59,479-485.
  56. Hobfoll, S. E.,Johnson, R. J.,Ennis, N.,Jackson, A. P(2003).Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84,632-643.
  57. Holland, J. L.(1985).Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
  58. Hu, Q.,Schaufeli, W. B.,Taris, T. W.(2016).Extending the job demands-resources model with guanxi exchange.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31,127-140.
  59. Huynh, J. Y.,Xanthopoulou, D.,Winefield, A. H.(2014).The job demands-resources model in emergency service volunteers: Examining the mediating roles of exhaustion, work engagement and organizational connectedness.Work & Stress,28,305-322.
  60. Ibarra, H.,Barbulescu, R.(2010).Identity as narrative: Prevalence, effectiveness, and consequences of narrative identity work in macro work role transitions.Academy of Management Review,35,135-154.
  61. Jourdain, G.,Chênevert, D.(2010).Job demands-resources, burnout and intention to leave the nursing profession: A questionnaire survey.International Journal of Nursing Studies,47,709-722.
  62. Judge, T. A.,Bono, J. E.,Erez, A.,Locke, E. A.(2005).Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: The role of self-concordance and goal attainment.Journal of Applied Psychology,90,257-268.
  63. Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D.,Judge, T. A.,Scott, B. A.(2009).The role of core self-evaluations in the coping process.Journal of Applied Psychology,94,177-195.
  64. Kao, F. H.,Cheng, B. S.,Kuo, C. C.,Huang, M. P.(2014).Stressors, withdrawal, and sabotage in frontline employees: The moderating effects of caring and service climates.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,87,755-780.
  65. Karatepe, O. M.,Keshavarz, S.,Nejati, S.(2010).Do core self-evaluations mediate the effect of coworker support on work engagement? A study of hotel employees in Iran.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,17,62-71.
  66. Kelley, S. W.,Hoffman, K. D.(1997).An investigation of positive affect, prosocial behaviors and service quality.Journal of Retailing,73,407-427.
  67. Kidd, J. M.,Green, F.(2006).The careers of research scientists: Predictors of three dimensions of career commitment and intention to leave science.Personnel Review,35,229-251.
  68. Kristensen, T. S.,Borritz, M.,Villadsen, E.,Christensen, K. B.(2005).The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout.Work & Stress,19,192-207.
  69. Lance, C. E.(Ed.),Vandenberg, R. J.(Ed.)(2009).Statistical and methodological myths and urban legends: Doctrine, verity, and fable in the organizational and social sciences.New York:Routledge.
  70. LePine, J. A.,Podsakoff, N. P.,LePine, M. A.(2005).A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor-hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance.Academy of Management Journal,48,764-775.
  71. Liao, H.,Chuang, A.(2004).A multilevel investigation of factors influencing employee service performance and customer outcomes.Academy of Management Journal,47,41-58.
  72. Liao, H.,Toya, K.,Lepak, D. P.,Hong, Y.(2009).Do they see eye to eye? Management and employee perspectives of high-performance work systems and influence processes on service quality.Journal of Applied Psychology,94,371-391.
  73. Liaw, Y.-J.,Chi, N.-W.,Chuang, A.(2010).Examining the mechanisms linking transformational leadership, employee customer orientation, and service performance: The mediating roles of perceived supervisor and coworker support.Journal of Business and Psychology,25,477-492.
  74. Lin, Y.-T.,Liu, N.-C.(2016).High performance work systems and organizational service performance: The roles of different organizational climates.International Journal of Hospitality Management,55,118-128.
  75. Little, L. M.,Simmons, B. L.,Nelson, D. L.(2007).Health among leaders: Positive and negative affect, engagement and burnout, forgiveness and revenge.Journal of Management Studies,44,243-260.
  76. Lord, R. G.(Ed.),Klimoski, R. J.(Ed.),Kanfer, R.(Ed.)(2002).Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
  77. Luthans, F.,Youssef, C. M.(2007).Emerging positive organizational behavior.Journal of Management,33,321-349.
  78. Luyckx, K.,Duriez, B.,Klimstra, T. A.,De Witte, H.(2010).Identity statuses in young adult employees: Prospective relations with work engagement and burnout.Journal of Vocational Behavior,77,339-349.
  79. MacKinnon, D. P.,Lockwood, C. M.,Hoffman, J. M.,West, S. G.,Sheets, V.(2002).A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects.Psycholgical Methods,7,83-104.
  80. Maslach, C.,Jackson, S.(1981).The measurement of experienced burnout.Journal of Organizational Behavior,2,99-113.
  81. Maslach, C.,Schaufeli, W. B.,Leiter, M. P.(2001).Job burnout.Annual Review of Psychology,52,397-422.
  82. Menguc, B.,Auh, S.,Yeniaras, V.,Katsikeas, C. S.(2017).The role of climate: Implications for service employee engagement and customer service performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45,428-451.
  83. Meyer, J. P.,Allen, N. J.,Smith, C. A.(1993).Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization.Journal of Applied Psychology,78,538-551.
  84. Meyer, J. P.,Becker, T. E.,Van Dick, R.(2006).Social identities and commitments at work: Toward an integrative model.Journal of Organizational Behavior,27,665-683.
  85. Morris, J. A.,Feldman, D. C.(1996).The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor.Academy of Management Review,21,986-1010.
  86. Neely, A.,Richards, H.,Mills, J.,Platts, K.,Bourne, M.(1997).Designing performance measures: A structured approach.International Journal of Operations & Production Management,17,1131-1152.
  87. Nelson, A. J.,Irwin, J.(2014)."Defining what we do-all over again": Occupational identity, technological change, and the librarian/internet-search relationship.Academy of Management Journal,57,892-928.
  88. Ng, T. W.,Feldman, D. C.(2008).Long work hours: A social identity perspective on meta‐analysis data.Journal of Organizational Behavior,29,853-880.
  89. Parasuraman, A.,Berry, L. L.,Zeithaml, V. A.(1991).Perceived service quality as a customer‐based performance measure: An empirical examination of organizational barriers using an extended service quality model.Human Resource Management,30,335-364.
  90. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. B.,Lee, J.-Y.,Podsakoff, N. P.(2003).Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,88,879-903.
  91. Pratt, M. G.,Rockmann, K. W.,Kaufmann, J. B.(2006).Constructing professional identity: The role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents.Academy of Management Journal,49,235-262.
  92. Prentice, C.,King, B. E.(2013).Impacts of personality, emotional intelligence and adaptiveness on service performance of casino hosts: A hierarchical approach.Journal of Business Research,66,1637-1643.
  93. Rafaeli, A.,Sutton, R. I.(1987).Expression of emotion as part of the work role.The Academy of Management Review,12,23-37.
  94. Raub, S.,Liao, H.(2012).Doing the right thing without being told: Joint effects of initiative climate and general self-efficacy on employee proactive customer service performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,97,651-667.
  95. Salanova, M.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2008).A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behaviour.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,19,116-131.
  96. Schaubroeck, J.,Jones, J. R.(2000).Antecedents of workplace emotional labor dimensions and moderators of their effects on physical symptoms.Journal of Organizational Behavior,21,163-183.
  97. Schaufeli, W. B.,Bakker, A. B.(2004).Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study.Journal of Organizational Behavior,25,293-315.
  98. Schmitt, N.(Ed.),Borman, W. C.(Ed.)(1993).Personal selection in organizations.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
  99. Schneider, B.,Ehrhart, M. G.,Mayer, D. M.,Saltz, J. L.,Niles-Jolly, K.(2005).Understanding organization-customer links in service settings.Academy of Management Journal,48,1017-1032.
  100. Schwartz, S. J.(Ed.),Luyckx, K.(Ed.),Vignoles, V. L.(Ed.)(2011).Handbook of identity theory and research, vol. 2.New York:Springer.
  101. Seligman, M. E. P.,Csikszentmihalyi, M.(2000).Positive psychology: An introduction.American Psychologist,55,5-14.
  102. Seligman, M. E. P.,Steen, T. A.,Park, N.,Peterson, C.(2005).Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions.American Psychologist,60,410-421.
  103. Solnet, D.,Paulsen, N.(2006).Service climate, employee identification, and customer outcomes in hotel property rebrandings.Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing,13(3-4),3-27.
  104. Stryker, S.(1977).Developments in "two social psychologies": Toward an appreciation of mutual relevance.Sociometry,40,145-160.
  105. Tetrick, L. E.,Winslow, C. J.(2015).Workplace stress management interventions and health promotion.Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,2,583-603.
  106. Thau, S.,Mitchell, M. S.(2010).Self-gain or self-regulation impairment? Tests of competing explanations of the supervisor abuse and employee deviance relationship through perceptions of distributive justice.Journal of Applied Psychology,95,1009-1031.
  107. Thompson, E. R.(2007).Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS).Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,38,227-242.
  108. Triandis, H. C.(Ed.),Berry, J. W.(Ed.)(1980).Handbook of cross-culture psychology, vol. 2.Boston, MA:Allyn & Bacon.
  109. Van den Broeck, A.,De Cuyper, N.,De Witte, H.,Vansteenkiste, M.(2010).Not all job demands are equal: Differentiating job hindrances and job challenges in the job demands-resources model.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,19,735-759.
  110. van Gelderen, B. R.,Konijn, E. A.,Bakker, A. B.(2017).Emotional labor among police officers: A diary study relating strain, emotional labor, and service performance.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,28,852-879.
  111. van Vegchel, N.,de Jonge, J.,Söderfeldt, M.,Dormann, C.,Schaufeli, W.(2004).Quantitative versus emotional demands among Swedish human service employees: Moderating effects of job control and social support.International Journal of Stress Management,11,21-40.
  112. Walsh, G.,Yang, Z.,Dose, D.,Hille, P.(2015).The effect of job-related demands and resources on service employees' willingness to report complaints: Germany versus China.Journal of Service Research,18,193-209.
  113. Watson, D.,Clark, L. A.,Tellegen, A.(1988).Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54,1063-1070.
  114. Welbourne, T. M.,Paterson, T. A.(2017).Advancing a richer view of identity at work: The role‐based identity scale.Personnel Psychology,70,315-356.
  115. Wilk, S. L.,Moynihan, L. M.(2005).Display rule "regulators": The relationship between supervisors and worker emotional exhaustion.The Journal of Applied Psychology,90,917-927.
  116. Wu, C.-M.,Chen, T.-J.(2015).Psychological contract fulfillment in the hotel workplace: Empowering leadership, knowledge exchange, and service performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,48,27-38.
  117. Xanthopoulou, D.,Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2007).The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model.International Journal of Stress Management,14,121-141.
  118. Xanthopoulou, D.,Bakker, A. B.,Dollard, M. F.,Demerouti, E.,Schaufeli, W. B.,Taris, T. W.,Schreurs, P. J. G.(2007).When do job demands particularly predict burnout: The moderating role of job resources.Journal of Managerial Psychology,22,766-786.
  119. Xanthopoulou, D.,Bakker, A. B.,Fischbach, A.(2013).Work engagement among employees facing emotional demands: The role of personal resources.Journal of Personnel Psychology,12,74-84.
  120. Xanthopoulou, D.,Bakker, A. B.,Heuven, E.,Demerouti, E.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2008).Working in the sky: A diary study on work engagement among flight attendants.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,13,345-356.
  121. Yardley, K.(Ed.),Honess, T.(Ed.)(1987).Self and identity: Psychosocial perspectives.Chichester, UK:Wiley.
  122. Zapf, D.(2002).Emotion work and psychological well-being: A review of the literature and some conceptual considerations.Human Resource Management Review,12,237-268.
被引用次数
  1. 黃瑞傑,張詩慧,胡昌亞,Ekin K. Pellegrini(2020)。To Mentor or Not to Mentor: A Job Demands-Resources Perspective。管理學報,37(4),349-366。
  2. 林姿葶(2019)。時間控制感對健康耗損歷程的調節效果:工作要求-資源理論之時間性觀點。人力資源管理學報,19(1),73-99。
  3. 鄭淑勻,黃昱炫,林舜涓,余梅香(2022)。旅館第一線員工情緒勞務對工作倦怠及組織承諾之影響:工作要求-資源模式觀點。餐旅暨觀光,19(1),1-26。
  4. 鄭志富,陳逸杰,陳怡雯,呂宛蓁,吳明翰(2022)。學校運動教練工作不安全感、組織認同、工作倦怠與工作退縮行為:工作要求-資源模式之觀點。體育學報,55(2),193-212。
  5. (2021)。就業職能與職業距離對薪資之影響:社工勞力市場之檢視。臺灣教育社會學研究,21(2),1-59。