题名

政府部門女性公務人員的代表性分析

并列篇名

Analysis of Representation of Women Civil Servants in Governments

DOI

10.6683/TPSR.201606.20(1).169-227

作者

施能傑(Jay N. Shih)

关键词

性別代表性文官 ； 性別刻板印象 ； 性別工作隔離 ； 玻璃天花板 ； 政府部門 ； women representation ； gender stereotypes ； gender job segregation ； glass ceiling ； civil service

期刊名称

台灣政治學刊

卷期/出版年月

20卷1期（2016 / 06 / 01）

页次

169 - 227

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

政府公務人力人口特性組合和社會人口特性較為近似，稱為文官代表性，這是政治治理正當性的課題，也有助於增進經營績效。本文使用長時間統計資料，分析行政機關公務人員的女性人力狀況，提供文官性別消極代表性的系統性和趨勢性研究。分析結果可歸納成幾項重要發現。第一，台灣政府部門一般性行政機關女性公務人員已具備充分的消極代表性，代表性已超過亞洲國家，甚至和西方國家平均值也很接近。第二，行政機關不同工作的女性公務人員比例相差極大，政府部門明顯的存在性別工作隔離現象。第三，儘管女性整體消極代表性持續增長，但是各行政機關首長和高階領導性職務等的女性比例卻非常低，簡任各職等女性比例也僅約整體女性平均值的一半，代表著女性公務人員確實面臨著玻璃天花板困境。上述發現的背後意涵和成因，本文都有深入的討論，並提供可能的對策。本文認為性別工作隔離現象如繼續深化，高階女性消極代表性不足的問題就難有明顯改善。此外，政府部門的最關鍵行動方案是需要有意識地推動增進女性機關首長和高階主管的積極性培育和遴用計畫，特別是優先在幾個女性人力比例極高的工作體系上積極促成，只有女性有機會擔任領導決策職務時，女性消極代表性才有機會轉化成積極代表性。
英文摘要

Representative bureaucracy is not only a political instrument for enhancing governing legitimacy but also a practical tool to increase organizational performance. This paper examines the passive representation of women civil servants in administrative agencies across all level of governments since 2000, which is one of the most politically attractive issues in Taiwan. The results show that the percentage of women has been continuously increasing to over 60% when excluding law enforcement officers. This level of passive representation is the highest among all other Asian countries and close to the mean of Western nations. Yet, there clearly exists job segregation or a glass wall between genders, on the one hand, and more importantly women have been significantly underrepresented in senior managerial or executive positions, reflecting the problem of a glass ceiling, on the other. This paper discusses some plausible reasons contributing to the trend as well as several implications for personnel policy and the issue of gender mainstreaming. It argues, among other things, that the priority task is to establish a leadership development program and selection plan for women that will enable political executives to appoint more women to higher civil servant positions.
主题分类 社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
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