政黨認同對於政治知識的動機性推理影響

The Motivated Reasoning Influence of Party Identification on Political Knowledge

10.6683/TPSR.201706.21(1).157-218

湯晏甄(Yen-chen Tang)；蔡宗漢(Tsung-han Tsai)；張傳賢(Alex Chuan-hsien Chang)

政治知識 ； 動機性推理 ； 政治資訊 ； 政黨認同 ； 選擇性接觸 ； political knowledge ； motivated reasoning ； political information ； party identification ； selective exposure

台灣政治學刊

21卷1期（2017 / 06 / 01）

157 - 217

繁體中文

政治知識對於民主政治的重要性不言可喻，然而學界對於政治知識的了解仍十分有限。當大多數研究結果與經驗資料著眼於政黨的社會化功能，並主張政黨屬性與政治知識間的正向關係時，卻忽略進一步探索選民的政黨認同在政治知識形成過程中所可能產生的負面影響。本文以動機性推理理論為依據，主張選民的政黨屬性扮演著資訊篩檢與選擇的角色。當選民的政黨認同愈強時，愈會傾向以個人的政治偏好來過濾及篩檢政治資訊，並刻意刪除、忽略、不信任與自身理念相悖的資訊，甚而可能扭曲政治資訊以支持自身的政治判斷。也因此相較於中立選民，具有政黨屬性的選民其政治資訊的接受程度對於政治知識的影響較不顯著。我們進一步藉由分析TEDS2012的選後調查資料印證本文的動機性推理假設，分析結果發現選民的政黨認同愈強時，政治資訊之於政治知識的邊際效應愈不顯著。

Despite the importance of political knowledge to democracy, there is still only a limited understanding of the political knowledge of the electorate. While research and empirics generally point to the existence of a positive association between partisanship and political knowledge, most of the electorate fail to notice the probable negative influence of party identification on political knowledge. In this paper, in accordance with the theory of motivated reasoning, we claim that partisanship plays a role in sifting and selecting political information, and in deleting, ignoring, and disbelieving the information against personal prior beliefs. Moreover, the electorate might even distort the information in order to sustain their political decisions. Therefore, as the voters’ party identification becomes stronger, the influence of political information on political knowledge becomes insignificant. We further test our motivated reasoning hypotheses against the TEDS 2012 data. The result supports our hypotheses and shows that, as the voters’ party identification increases, the marginal effect of political information on political knowledge decreases.

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