燬煙後的情誼－鄧廷楨、林則徐唱和詩詞研究

The Fellowship after the Destroying of the Tobaccos (Opium)

10.29460/SJCS.200705.0006

蘇淑芬(Shu-Fen Su)

鄧廷楨 ； 林則徐 ； 鴉片戰爭 ； 友誼 ； banning the smoking of opium ； Fellowship ； Deng Ting-Zhing ； Lin Tso-Hsyu

東吳中文學報

13期（2007 / 05 / 01）

145 - 178

繁體中文

道光十五(1835)年，鄧廷楨被任命為兩廣總督，時鴉片盛行，國庫空虛。百姓健康受損。道光十九(1839)年，林則徐為兩廣巡撫，兩人並肩抗煙，引來洋夷土販等惡勢力的大反撲，反而結為好友。道光二十年(1840)，鄧廷楨調為兩江總督，林則徐接替鄧廷楨為兩廣總督。鄧廷楨未上任，再調閩浙新任，嚴查鴉片。不久因英人發動戰爭，浙江定海被圍，道光派琦善與英談判，竟簽訂割地賠款草約。道光以廣東「軍務廢弛，臨事不能得力，乃先後查辦歷任總督之罪」，因此貶鄧廷楨與林則徐到伊犁同墾。鄧廷楨以六十七高齡帶兒子同行。一年後林則徐亦到伊犁，兩人在伊犁，同心開墾，相待如家人骨肉，常有詩詞唱和。兩人因為生性清廉，愛民如子，又主禁煙，熱愛東坡，因此友誼深厚，在伊犁時宛如家人骨肉，彼此扶持。他們彼此唱和之詩詞，不僅像詞史，記載鴉片的害人，焚燬的艱辛史實，兩人遠戍伊犁的忠心，更能彰顯患難時的真友誼。

At the year of Dao-Guang fifteenth (1835), Deng Ting-Zhing was designated as governor of the two provinces, Kung-Dung and Kung-Xing. At that time, smoking opium was a widely prevalent addiction among people. Besides, the national treasury got empty, and the people's health was seriously damaged. At the year of Dao-Guang nineteenth (1839), Un Tso-Hsyu was designated as patrolling official, so both of them united to fight off the opium side by side. Their struggle against the opium caused the counterattack of the barbarous foreign people and drug traffickers. Nevertheless, they weren't scared at the evil power. On the contrary, they cooperated with each other and became close friends. At the year of Dao-Guang twentieth, Ding Ting-Zhing transferred to Jiang Sue and Zho Jiang as governor. Lin Tso-Hsyu substituted for Ding Zho-Jiang as governor of Kung Dung and Kung Xing. Before Ding Ting-Zhing took his new position, he transferred to Fu Jian and Zho Jiang to investigate the illegal trading of the opium. Soon later, because the Britons launched the war, and Zho Jiang and Ding Hai were besieged, the Emperor Dao-Guang sent Chi-Shan to negotiate with the Britons. However, sadly, Chi-Shan instituted a contract as ceding the lands and paying money for compensation. The Emperor Dao-Guang was in a rage, He declared that ”Kung Dung's military disciplines were too loose. Moreover, the official was incapable of coping with affairs. So the Emperor wanted to prosecuted the crimes of all the previous governors.” Therefore, Ding Ting-Zhing and Un Tso-Hsyu were discharged and forced to be removed their offices. At the age of 67, Ding Ting-Zhing took his son with him to moved to I-Li, A year later, Un Tso-Hsyu joined them. While in I-Li, both of them exploited the barren land for farming and treated each other as family. At leisure time, they always recited the classical poetry harmoniously. Being clean-handed and incorruptible as well, loving the folks as their own family, both of them gave support to each other. The poetry they chanted were like poetic history. They put down how harmful opium were to people and the toilsome process of destroying the opium in words. Although they guarded in the remote frontier with toil, yet their loyalty especially manifested the true and sincere friendship in adversities between them.

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