庾信辭賦之用典申說

The Discussion of the Use of Allusion in Yu Xin's Poetry

10.29460/SJCS.201111.0003

陳松雄(Song-Shyong Chen)

庾信辭賦 ； 辭賦用典 ； Yu Xin's poetry ； the use of allusion in Ci and Fu

東吳中文學報

22期（2011 / 11 / 01）

53 - 73

繁體中文

庾信幼而俊邁，聰明軼倫，博覽群書，尤精《左傳》。麗辭詩賦，妙絕千秋；「故實」「前言」，不離章句。通經史之「故實」，鎔鑄文章；採聖賢之「前言」，鋪摛詩賦。故篇辭典雅，旨縟文繁，鑽仰其書，益覺高妙，今以庾賦用典，略加論談，探其術方，析其文用。觀夫其術工妙，足以盪性愜心，無論居梁之篇，抑或在北之作。「明、暗、借、反」之用，詞寡旨豐；「直言」「檃括」之方，趣同意合。析其文用，談其「典功」，則高手妙方，趣味無盡。一曰：字無瑕累，言簡意賅。二曰：論有根源，事徵義覈。三曰：借寄託之藻，發抒胸情。四曰：敘比擬之詞，闡發章義。五曰：裨文氣之充盈，加強劇力。六曰：使章句之典雅，瀰漫古風。論其地位，上集六朝之大成；語其文功，下開百代之典範。賦體型式，變化多端；篇章音辭，歡娛眾士。殆皆典故之妙用，造此極峯；才情之難蹤，登斯絕詣者也。

During early childhood, Yu Xin was more intelligent than other people and knowledgeable through having read extensively, particularly in Zuo Zhuan. As a classic of Chinese literature, Lichi is the excellent text of parallel prose in which ”allusion” and ”preface” are composed separately by historical facts and Sage's speech that contains the graceful poetry. Thus, Lichi is dedicated to developing well-written, rhetoric and gorgeous literary work. Now I take Yu Xin's poetry to be an example to discuss the use of allusion in Lichi and analyze the function of it. No matter what you read, ”Juliang” or other famous chapters, Yu Xin's poetry soothes people's mood and nourish people's soul from generation to generation. On the other hand, with brief statement and deep meaning, Yu Xin is good at using simile and metaphor in his works; in Chinese literature, the way of ”Zhiyan” and ”Yingua” combine with delight and beauty. Moreover, his poetry shows the great talent of the use of allusion. For all the above mentioned reasons, I will provide the four main futures of his works: First, his language has the richness and sententious fullness of the Chinese poetry. Second, he had provided sufficient evidence to prove his claims that include a summary of all of the key points. Third, his poetry paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. Fourth, the works are full of literary analogy that has been clearly stated in his point of view. Fifth, Yu Xin put his focus on developing well-mined works during his lifetime that exerts a great influence on later generations of scholars. Sixth, to achieve artistic perfection, in his writing, he increases the use of allusion.Although his poems were not published more, all sections of the poetry are full of aesthetics and philosophy of life in which combine to create a new trend of classical poetry in Liang Dynasty. Specifically, his poetry portrays his sentimental heart as a poet in Northern Dynasty. In sum, the north and south have different characteristics. In human history, Yu Xin's poetry is the precious treasure of Chinese classical literature.

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