王安石翻案詩與「真」的探索

Seeking "Trut" through Wang AnShu's "Reverse the Verdict Poem"

10.29460/SJCS.201205.0006

張瑋儀(Wuei-Yi Chang)

宋詩 ； 翻案詩 ； 王安石 ； 昭君詩 ； Song Poem ； Reverse the Verdict Poem ； Wang AnShu ； Wang ZhaoJun

東吳中文學報

23期（2012 / 05 / 01）

123 - 140

繁體中文

文學翻轉變異、別於常規者，楊萬里《誠齋詩話》名為「翻案法」，黃庭堅謂之「翻著韈法」，魏慶之《詩人玉屑》則稱「反其語而用之」。宋詩不欲沿襲、重蹈前人陳.，時有反常活用、出奇制勝，形成翻案之作。本文以王安石之詩歌為例，討論北宋翻案詩的生成背景、運用筆法，及所達致的生新、反思之效，從而證成翻案詩乃是以史學之「真」為基石、以文學之「真」為依歸。首先，就論述背景而言，宋人好學好古，讀書風氣盛行，並勇於質疑，採用否定語勢，轉換新境，別於既往認知，提出個人嶄新之見。再者，王安石推動變法，引發新舊黨爭，其創作歷程與生命際遇息息相關。翻案詩之目的，包涵文學層面的標新立異、政治態勢的黨議立場，然其異中有同、同中有異，對於楚漢相爭、昭君出塞諸事，而能提出異見，其追新求變、自成一家之風，奠定宋詩有別於唐之特色。概括而言，詩人逐步追索歷史事件之真偽、功過，具有真相還原的企圖、自出機杼之用心，以文學剪裁之法，進行濃縮或放大的片段式描寫，使歷史故事繪聲繪影、若臨眼前，進而借古諷今，以情感的包覆烘托所欲傳達的理趣，從而改換思維模式，以翻案詩作重述歷史之「真」。

Literary variation due to uniquely distinguished style from that of conventional rules takes on various labels. Yang Wanli labeled those unconventional methods as ”reverse the verdict method” in his work ”Chengzhai Poetry”, Huang Gianting labeled those as ”wearing a sock inside out method”, while Wei Quingzhi labeled those as ”reversing the words method”. Song poets are reluctant to follow guidelines from their predecessors, and often utilize unique techniques that dazzle their audience, some of which became milestones of unconventional poems. Wang AnShui exemplifies Song poets who astonished the audience with creative and unique unconventional writing style. His work will be used to illustrate the birth of ”reverse the verdict method” during the Northern Song Dynasty, and furthermore, I will explore the distinguished composition technique, and how it gave birth to a new style and at the same time reflected on the classis. I will establish grounds that the ”reverse the verdict method” was based on the ”truth” in historical references, and paid homage to the essence of Chinese Literature. Song Dynasty was unique in many ways. First, literary proficiency was high during that period, and those who are proficient are often encouraged to question and critique the contents to shed new light and voice out individual opinion. Such was not the case in prior dynasties where literary taboo and cautious approach were taken when studying classic works. This wave of individualism was further fueled by political reform pioneered by Wang which sparked the ensuing political struggle between the Conservative and the Reformist. His literary works intertwine with his life and exemplifies his struggle and battle against the Conservative. The ”reverse the verdict method” of writing was not only a new milestone in distinguishing new style in literary works, but it also takes a stand in political minefield and seek differences within similarity and similarity within differences. He expressed his different opinion in the struggle between ”Chu” and ”Han” and sought out unique insights about stories of Wang Zhou Gin, furthermore, he relentlessly sought out new ways to write and compose, making the literary works in Song Dynasty distinguished from Tang Dynasty. His contribution was not limited to development of new style, but he also expressed the desire of poets willing to go after to analyst historical accuracy in literature to further sort facts from fiction, and faults from righteous actions through careful tailor of literary styles, magnifying and pull away of segmental writing to bring life historical events in witty and satirical criticisms to restore the ”truth” of the past.

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