英文摘要
|
This study has two research questions: 1. What are the current status of the three competing sounds of Taiwanese /o/ phoneme, their generational distribution and the regional distribution? 2. How is the Taiwanese phoneme /o/ likely to develop in the future? 51 old and 61 young native Taiwanese speakers participated in this study. Speech data were collected through wordlist reading and were analyzed generationally and regionally. The results indicated that the old speakers stably pronounce the phoneme /o/ as either [o] or [□], with the former mainly observed in the northern Taiwan, the latter southern Taiwan, and the mix central Taiwan. As to the young generation, most of the speakers pronounced the phoneme /o/ as either [□] or [□] in a various and unstable manner; the frequency of the vowel [o] was largely reduced. Among the stable young speakers, who accounted for less than 40% of the young speakers in this study, the vowel [□] prevails in southern Taiwan and the vowel [□] north. As to the development of the pronunciation of the phoneme /o/, this study has two predictions. First, both [□] and [□] will remain as the major pronunciations as currently neither demonstrates any obvious dominance. In addition, Mandarin as the most predominant language in Taiwan, will inevitably plays a role in the sound variation of Taiwanese.
|
参考文献
|
-
李淑鳳(2010)。台華語接觸所引起的台語語音的變化趨勢。台語研究,2(1),56-71。
連結:
-
康韶真(2013)。少年人對台語文白選讀ê 使用情形kap 影響因素。台語研究,2(1),38-53。
連結:
-
陳淑娟(2009)。台灣閩南語元音系統及陰、陽入聲調的變異與變化─台灣閩南語的字表調查分析。台灣語文研究,3,151-172。
連結:
-
Amengual, Mark(2011).Spanish and Catalan in Mojorca: Are there contact-inducted changes in the Majorcan Catalan vowel system?.Selected Proceedings of the 13th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium,Somerville, MA:
-
Chan, Hui-chen(1994).Georgetown University.
-
Flege, James(1995).Second Language Speech Learning: Theory, Findings and Problems.Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Theoretical And Methodological Issues, ed. Winifred Strange,Baltimore:
-
Hsiau, A-Chin(1997).Language Ideology in Taiwan: the KMT's Language Policy, the Tai-yu Language Movement, and Ethnic Politics.Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development,18,302-315.
-
Hsu, Hui-ju(2015).Taro or Oyster? - the Production Merger of Two Mid Back Vowels, [o] and [ɔ], in a Major Dialect of Taiwan Southern Min.Dialectologia et Geolinguistica,23,68-94.
-
Hsu, Hui-ju(1998).Language Shift in Taiwan : A Case Study.Proceedngs of SALSA (Symposium about Language and Society) VI,VI,158-172.
-
Janson, Tore,Schulman, Richard(1983).Non-distinctive Features and Their Use.Journal of Linguistics,19,321-336.
-
Labov, William,Karen, Mark,Miller, Corey(1991).Near-mergers and the Suspension of Phonemic Contrast.Language Variation and Change,3,33-74.
-
Lee, Wai-sum,Zee, E.(2003).The Illustrations of the IPA - Standard Chinese (Beijing).Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33,109-112.
-
Maddieson, Ian(1984).Patterns of Sounds.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
-
Recasens, Daniel(1991).Fonètica Descriptive del Català.Barcelona:Institue d'Estudis Catalans.
-
Sandel, Todd L.,Chao, Wen-yu,Liang, Chung-hui(2006).Language Shift and Language Accommodation across Family Generaions in Taiwan.Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development,27,126-147.
-
Schwartz, Jean-luc,Boë, Louis-Jean,Valée, Nathalie,Abry, Christian(1997).Major Trends in Vowel System Inventories.Journal of Phonetics,25(3),233-253.
-
Siemund, Peter(ed.),Kintana, Noemí(ed.)(2008).Language Contact and Contact Languages.Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
-
Simonet, Miquel(2011).Production of a Catalan-specific vowel contrast by early Spanish-Catalan bilinguals.Phonetica,68(1-2),88-110.
-
Young, Russel(1989).Language Maintenance and Language Shift among the Chinese on Taiwan.Taipei:Crane.
-
林慶勳(2001)。臺灣閩南語概論。臺北:心理出版社。
-
洪惟仁(1995)。漳泉在台灣的融合。國語文教育通訊,11,84-100。
-
洪惟仁(2002)。變化中的汐止音:一個台灣社會方言學的個案研究。第二十屆全國聲韻學學術研討會,臺南:
-
康韶真(2014)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北,國立臺灣師範大學。
-
張屏生(2000)。台灣閩南話部分次方言的語音和詞彙差異。屏東市:國立屏東師範學院。
-
張振興(1989)。臺灣閩南語方言記略。臺北:文史哲出版社。
-
許慧如(2011)。以自然語料觀察字頻與語音變化的關係:以台南台語〔ə〕元音為例。台灣學誌,4,87-107。
-
陳淑娟(2004)。桃園大牛欄方言的語音變化與語言轉移。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版委員會。
-
陳淑娟(2010)。台灣閩南語新興的語音變異─台北市、彰化市及台南市元音系統與陽入原調的調查分析。語言暨語言學,11(2),425-468。
-
楊秀芳(1988)。臺南市志人民志語言篇。臺南:臺南市政府。
-
董忠司(1991)。臺北市、台南市、鹿港、宜蘭方言音系的整理和比較。新竹師院學報,5,31-64。
-
董忠司(2001)。福爾摩沙的烙印:台灣閩南語概要(上冊)。行政院文建會。
-
劉秀雪(2015)。金門華閩雙語人元音互動變化。日本中国語協会第65 回全国大会予稿集
-
鄭縈(1994)。金門官澳方言初探。中國民族學通訊,8-26。
-
顧百里(1978)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北,國立臺灣大學。
|