RAT-like測驗中的發散性思考分析

Analyzing Divergent Thinking in Rat-like Test

10.6173/CJSE.2003.1102.04

何偉雲(Woei-Yun Ho)；葉錦燈(Chin-Den Yen)

創造力 ； 發散性思考 ； 遙遠聯想測驗 ； 問題解決 ； Creativity ； Divergent Thinking ； RAT ； Problem Solving

科學教育學刊

11卷2期（2003 / 06 / 01）

195 - 210

繁體中文

本研究針對遙遠聯想測驗(Remote Associates Test, RAT)的缺點，提出一種新的測驗方式，稱爲RAT-like評測工具，主要特色是將發散性思考融入RAT中。搭配Williams繪圖式創造性思考測驗，在對學童進行施測後，利用相關性分析和因子分析探討各發散性思考指標之間的內部關聯性，運用K-means群集分類法，研究不同群集在不同面向所呈現的差異與特性。研究表明，對於高創造力學童與低創造力學童，RAT-like測驗結果與Williams創造性思考測驗結果是一致的，但是對於那些中等表現學童，在獨創性方面的表現卻有分歧，此說明RAT-like測驗之內涵不同於一般Guilford-Style創造力測驗。此研究成果在探討創造性問題解決時，提供一種全新的途徑，可用於評量創造性思考能力。

This study presents information about a new creative thinking test based on a Remote Associates Test (RAT) approach. Up until now the lack of divergent-thinking components in the RAT was considered a major drawback. However these components are included in the RAT-like tests. In this study the RAT-like tests were compared to the Williams' creative thinking test. Correlation and factor analyses were employed to study the relationships among the divergent thinking components of the two different tests. K-means clustering was also employed. The results suggest that the divergent thinking skills in the RAT-like test may be distinct from those in the Williams' test and other Guilford style tests. The results on the RAT-like tests coincide with those on the Williams' test for gifted and lower performing students but are different in terms of originality for students with intermediate levels of performance.

1. Bowers, K. S.,R. J. Sernberg (Ed.)(1994).Encyclopedia of intelligence.New York:Macmillan.
2. Guilford, J. P.(1967).The nature of human intelligence.New York, NY:McGrawHill Book Company.
3. Guilford, J. P.(1968).Intelligence, creativity and their educational implications.San Diego, CA:Robert R. Knapp.
4. Guilford, J. P.(1980).Cognitive styles: What are they?.Educational and Psychological Measurement,40,715-735.
5. Guilford, J. P.(1977).Way beyond the IQ.Buffalo, NY:Beady Limited.
6. Guilford, J. P.(1950).Creativity.American Psychologist,5,444-454.
7. Guilford, J. P.(1956).The structure of intellect.Psychological Bulletin,53,267-293.
8. Hocevar, D.(1976).Dimensionality of creativity.Psychological Reports,39,869-870.
9. Hocevar, D.(1979).The unidimensional nature of creative thinking in fifth grade children.Child Study Journal,9,273-277.
10. Hocevar, D.(1979).A comparison of statistical infrequency and subjective judgment as criteria in the measurement of originality.Journal of Personality Assessment,43,297-299.
11. Hocevar, D.(1979).Ideational fluency as a confounding factor in the measurement of originality.Journal of Educational Psychology,71,191-196.
12. Mednick, S. A.(1962).The associative basis of the creative process.Psychological Rview,69,220-232.
13. Mednick, S. A.,Mednick, M. T.(1967).Examiner`s manual: Remote Associates Test.Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
14. Parnes, S. J.,Harding, H. F. (Eds.)(1962).A source book for creative thinking.New York, NY:Charles Scribler`s Sons.
15. Plucker, J. A.,Renzulli, J. S.,Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.)(1999).Handbook of Creativity.Cambridge University Press.
16. Runco, M. A.(1985).Reliability and convergent validity of ideational flexibility as a function of academic achievement.Perceptual and Motor Shills,61,1075-1081.
17. Runco, M. A.(1987).The generality of creative performance in gifted and nongifted children.Gifted Child Quarterly,31,121-125.
18. Runco, M. A.(1986).The discriminant validity of gifted children`s divergent thinking test scores.Gifted Child Quarterly,30,78-82.
19. Runco, M. A.(1986).Divergent thinking and creative performance in gifted and nongifted children.Educational and psychological measurement,46,375-384.
20. Torrance, E. P.(1976).Creativity testing in education.Creative Child and Adult Quarterly,1,136-148.
21. Torrance, E. P.(1972).Predictive validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking.Journal of Creative Behavior,6,236-252.
22. Torrance, E. P.,A. H. Passow (ED.)(1979).The gifted and talented: Their education and development. 78th NSSE Yearbook.Chicago:National Society for the Study of Education.
23. Torrance, E. P.,R. J. Sternberg (ED.)(1998).The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives.Cambridge University Press.
24. Williams F. E.(1970).Classroom ideas for encouraging thinking and feeling.Buffalo, NY:D.O.K. Publishers, Inc.
25. Williams F. E.(1980).Creativity assessment packet.Buffalo, NY:DOK.
26. Williams, F. E.(1979).Assessing creativity across William`s "cube" model.Gifted Child Quareterly,23,748-756.

1. 蕭佳純(2011)。學生創造力影響因素之研究：三層次分析架構。特殊教育學報，33，151-177。
2. 蕭佳純、涂志賢(2012)。教師創造力教學行為量表之發展。課程與教學，15(2)，87-117。