發散性思考測驗的同質性分析－以國小物理問題測驗爲例

Homogeneity Analysis of a Divergent-Thinking Test

10.6173/CJSE.2004.1202.04

何偉雲(Woei-Yun Ho)

發散性思考 ； 問題解決 ； 問題提出 ； 想法提出 ； Divergent Thinking ； Problem Solving ； Problem Finding ； Idea Finding

科學教育學刊

12卷2期（2004 / 06 / 01）

219 - 239

繁體中文

發散性思考作爲創造力的核心理論，依據該理論編制的各式評量工具已經被廣泛用於創造力相關研究。本研究探討發散性思考在不同測驗領域的同質性問題，運用視覺化分析技術，比較發散性思考在Williams創造性思考測驗、發現問題能力測驗及解題想法提出能力測驗中的同質性。研究結果說明，繪圖式的Williams創造性思考測驗無法反映創造力測驗之領域相關性，測驗方式或內容的不同也可能影響創造力的評量結果。Guilford型式的創造力測驗之結果解釋，或許必須侷限於其測驗內容與方式，否則可能導致對測驗結果之過度解釋，甚至形成誤判。

Divergent thinking is regarded as the core theory of creativity. Various tests of creative thinking, based on the theory of divergent thinking, have been developed in the past decades. They have been used in a wide range of creativity research. The purpose of this study is to explore the homogeneity of divergent thinking in the Williams' creative thinking test, problem-finding test and idea-finding test. Visualization techniques were employed to provide a perceptual map to get insight into relationships among those tests. This study concludes that the divergent-thinking test is highly domain dependent and the explanation of the so-called Guilford-style test should be restricted to its own design content. Otherwise, misjudgment of creativity could occur.

1. (2001).Introduction to the Special Issue: Commemorating Guilford`s 1950 Presidential speech.Creativity Research Journal,13(3/4)
2. Bloomberg, M.(1967).An inquiry into the relationship between field independence-dependence and creativity.The Joumal of Psychology,67,127-140.
3. Cropley, A. J.(2000).Defining and measuring creativity: Are creativity tests worth using.Roeper Review,23,72-79.
4. Feldman, D. H.,R. J. Sternberg (Ed.)(1999).Handbook of creativity.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
5. Guilford, J. P.(1950).Creativity.American Psychologist,5,444-454.
6. Guilford, J. P.(1967).The Nature of Human Intelligence.New York:Mc Graw-Hill.
7. Guilford, J. P.(1977).Way beyond the IQ.Buffalo, NY:Beady Limited.
8. Guilford, J. P.(1980).Cognitive styles: What are they.Educational and Psychological Measurement,40,715-735.
9. Hakstian, A. R.(2001).The measurement and prediction of managerial creativity.Creativity Research Journal,13,367-384.
10. Hocevar, D.(1979).A comparison of statistical infrequency and subjective judgment as criteria in the measurement of originality.Journal of Personality Assessment,43,297-299.
11. Isaksen, S. G.,G. Kaufmann,K. Gronhaug (Eds.)(1987).Innovation: A cross-disciplinary perspective.NY:Wiley.
12. Lubart, T. I.,R. Sternberg (Ed.)(1994).Thinking and Problem Solving.Academic Press.
13. Messick, S.(1984).The nature of cognitive styles: Problems and promise in educational practice.Educational Psychologist,2,59-74.
14. Osborn, A. F.(1953).Applied Imagination: Principles and procedures of creative thinking.New York:Scribners.
15. Osborn, A. F.(1963).Applied Imagination.New York:Scribners.
16. Parnes, S. J.(1967).Creative behavior guidebook.New York:Scribners.
17. Parnes, S. J.,Noller, R. B.(1972).Applied creativity: The creative studies project-Part 11.Journal of Creative Behavior,6,164-186.
18. Parnes, Sidney J, (ed.)(1992).Sourcebook for creative problem solving.Buffalo, NY:Creative Education Foundation Press.
19. Plucker, J. A.,Renzulli, J. S.,R. Sternberg (Ed.)(1999).Handbook of creativity.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
20. Pluncker, J. A.,Runco, M. A.(1998).The death of creativity measurement has been greatly exaggerated: Current issues, recent advances, and future directions in creativity assessment.Roeper Review,21,36-39.
21. Rhodes, M.(1961).An analysis of creativity.Phi Delta Kappan,305-310.
22. Runco, M. A.,Albert, R. S.(1985).The reliability and validity of ideational originality in the divergent thinking of academically gifted and nongifted children.Educational and Psychological Measurement,45,483-501.
23. Spotts, J. V.,Mackler, B.(1967).Relationships of field-dependent and field-independent cognitive styles to creative test performance.Perceptual and Motor Skills,24,239-268.
24. Sternberg, R. J.(1985).Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49,607-627.
25. Sternberg, R. J.(1999).Handbook of Creativity.Cambridge University Press.
26. Sternberg, R. J.(1988).The nature of creativity.New York:Cambridge University Press.
27. Sternberg, R. J.,Lubart, T. I.(1991).An investment theory of creativity and its development.Human Development,34,1-31.
28. Torrance, E. P.(2000).Creativity: An Interview with Dr. E. Paul Torrance By Joseph R. Dunn, Ph. D.Psychology Online Journal,1(11)
29. Torrance, E. P.(1962).Can we teach children to think creatively.Journal of Creative Behavior,6,236-262.
30. Torrance, E. P.(1974).Torrance tests of creative thinking: Norms and technical manual.Bensenville, IL:Scholastic Testing Service.
31. Torrance, E. P.,Presbury, J.(1984).Criteria of success of 242 recent experimental studies of creativity.Creative Child Quarterly,30,15-19.
32. Treffinger, D. J.,Renzulli, J. S.,Feldhusen, J. F.(1971).Problems in the assessment of creative thinking.Journal of Creative Behavior,5,104-112.
33. Wallas, G.(1926).The art of thought.New York:Franklin Watts.
34. 威廉斯。創造力測驗指導手冊。心理出版社。

1. 范斯淳、林志軒(2018)。SCAMPER在國中生活科技課程之應用。科技與人力教育季刊，4(4)，1-19。