探討重要生命經驗與國中青少年環境行為之關聯與自然連結之中介效果

An Explorative Research on the Relationships Among Taiwanese Adolescents' Significant Life Experiences and Environmental Behaviors With the Mediation of Connection With Nature

10.6173/CJSE.202009_28(3).0002

曾鈺琪(Yu-Chi Tseng)

自然連結 ； 青少年 ； 重要生命經驗 ； 環境行為 ； Connection With Nature ； Adolescent ； Significant Life Experience ； Environmental Behavior

科學教育學刊

28卷3期（2020 / 09 / 01）

223 - 254

繁體中文

過去40年的重要生命經驗研究已指出自然經驗、家庭、學校教育、環境知識或資訊、環境研究興趣等因素會影響成人的環境行為，且過往15年的保育心理學研究亦初步證實自然連結能預測環境行為。本研究因此結合環境教育與保育心理學的研究成果，探討重要生命經驗、自然連結和環境行為之預測關係，同時也檢驗自然連結的中介效果。由於過往研究多以西方成人為主要研究對象，較缺乏亞洲及青少年群體的資料，本研究乃以配額抽樣調查臺中市616位國中青少年並進行路徑分析。研究結果發現：一、本文所提出的6項重要生命經驗皆可直接或間接預測整體環境行為，且不同重要生命經驗對日常生活管理、說服他人、公民參與等三類環境行為亦有各自擅長的預測能力。二、有4項重要生命經驗能夠預測自然連結，特別是住家附近戶外頻率及造訪遠處自然頻率的預測力最高。三、自然連結可部分中介住家附近戶外頻率及造訪遠處自然頻率對整體環境行為的影響，亦可完全中介環境知識多元性和環境科系就讀興趣對整體環境行為的影響。四、就整體效果來看，自然連結是所有變項中最能預測整體及三類環境行為的因素。本文根據研究結果對青少年群體的重要生命經驗和自然連結研究，以及戶外環境教育實務工作提出相關建議。

The Significant Life Experience (SLE) research in the past 40 years has found that nature experiences, family, education, environmental knowledge and information, and an interest in the environmental study were influential experiences for adults’ Environmental Behaviors (EBs). Meanwhile, for past 15 years, the research in conservation psychology has indicated that adult’s Connection With Nature (CWN) can predict EBs. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to combine the findings of environmental education and conservation psychology to explore the relationships among SLEs, CWN, and EBs and to test the mediation effect of CWN. However, existing research focused much more on adults in western cultures. Due to the lack of research data in Asian areas and adolescent population, we surveyed 616 Taiwanese adolescents in Taichung City in Central Taiwan through quota sampling and conducted a path analysis. We found that: (1) All six SLEs proposed by this research can directly or indirectly predict the entire EB. Bedsides, each SLE had its own specific predictability on three different EBs-ecological managements in daily life, persuasion of other people, and citizen engagement. (2) Four SLEs can predict adolescents' CWN. Especially the frequency of outdoor activities in both neighborhood and remote natural areas had the strongest predictability. (3) CWN was a significant mediator to partially mediate the influence of both kinds of outdoor activities on entire EB, and to completely mediate between environmental knowledge, the interest in environmental majors, and entire EB. (4) In terms of the total effect, CWN was most predictive to entire EB and all three kinds of EBs among all variables. Based on those findings, we recommended future research designs in SLE and CWN and proposed practical educational strategies for outdoor environmental education.

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