「探究式教學法」與「講述式教學法」對於國中學生地球科學「氣象」單元學習成效之比較

The Effect of the Inquiry instructional strategy on Earth Science (Weather units) as compared with Traditional Expository teaching

10.6173/CJSE.199712_5(4).0002

毛松霖(Song-Ling Mao)；張菊秀(Chu-Hsiu Chang)

探究式教學 ； 實研究 ； 解釋資料能力 ； 問題反映之統觀察分析法 ； Inquiry Instruction strategy ； Quasi-Experimental study ； skill of Interpreting data process ； Systematic observation of Learning Outcome (SOLO)

科學教育學刊

5卷4期（1997 / 12 / 01）

461 - 497

繁體中文;英文

傳統的教學方式是以教師為中心，教學的重點偏重在學生對於事實的學習，學生只是被動地接受教師灌輸的知識，而將知識儲存於短期記憶之中。因此，這種傳統教學方法之結果與科學教育的目標相去甚遠，所造就的學生亦較缺乏判斷、推理解釋之能力，也常被認為是造成學生學習成效低落的原因之一。地球科學傳統教學亦面臨類似違背科學教育目標與理念之情形。本研究以準實驗研究法及半結構晤談法進行研究，其目的在比較「探究式」教學和「講述式」教學法對學習態度、學生學習「氣象單元概念」的學習成效與解釋資料能力的影響；以及比較科學過程技能較優的學生與較差之學生，在不同教學模式中學習成效之差異。選取十二個班（共462位研究對象），分成兩組（實驗組與控制組）；於實驗教學前後，施以學習態度前、後測，並於教學後進行「氣象單元晤談」，以單因子共變數分析法，來比較兩組學生在進行不同教學之後，其學習成效是否有所差異。研究結果顯示：1.在學生氣象單元概念學習成效比較上：在「統整性問題」、「理解性問題」與「全部問題」方面，實驗組顯著優於控制組（P＜0.01）。而在「簡單讀圖及事實性問題」，實驗組顯著優於控制組（P＜0.1）。在進一步由不同過程技能能力的學生來分析，在過程技能高、中分群學生，學習成效顯示出實驗組優於控制組。2.比較在兩組學生學習態度：在「學生參與度問題」、「解題成就感和信心問題」與「全部問題」方面，實驗組顯著優於控制組學生（P＜0.01）。但在「學習興趣」方面，兩組並無明顯差異。在進一步由不同過程技能能力的學生來分析，在過程技能中、低分群的學生群中，顯示出實驗組優於控制組，但在過程技能高分群的學生，兩組學習態度測驗無顯著差異。3.晤談結果方面：實驗組解釋資料能力亦優於控制組，特別在過程技能中分群的學生，顯示出實驗組優於控制組。

Applying both Quasi-Experimental and Semi-structured clinic interview methods, this study aims to compare the achievements between two instruction strategy groups (Inquiry vs. expository) in weather concept test, attitudes in learning, and the ability in interpreting data of Science process skill. The sample includes 12 classes (462 junior subjects) divided into two groups (6 classes each). The pre-test and post-test are carried out in concepts and attitude for the ANOVA study, and clinic interview (47 cases performed) is held for qualitative study in analyzing their interpreting data ability. Results indicate that: 1. Inquiry instructionally strategy is significantly more effective than the Expository teaching strategy both in acquiring higher level concepts of weather and in learning attitudes; furthermore the interpreting data ability observed from interviews shows that experimental group is better than the controlled one. 2. The inquiry instruction strategy is specially more helpful than the other groups for middle-level students in acquiring concepts, learning attitude and interpreting ability.

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