基因與科學教育：教育遺傳學的視角

Genetics and Science Education: An Educational Genetic Perspective

10.6173/CJSE.202406_32(2).0003

葉庭光(Ting-Kuang Yeh)

表觀遺傳 ； 教育遺傳學 ； 精準教育 ； Epigenetics ； Educational Genetics ； Precision Education

科學教育學刊

32卷2期（2024 / 06 / 01）

191 - 206

繁體中文;英文

目前的文獻支持「遺傳」是對科學學習影響力最高的因子，影響程度約高於60%。如果我們希望能有效提升學生的科學學習，理論上，將學生的遺傳資訊納入教學規劃的考量，對學生的科學學習應該會有較佳的影響。然而，過去的觀念認為人類無法改變遺傳對我們的影響，而我們對遺傳如何影響學習所知也相當有限。本文試著分享遺傳學的策略與技術、以及在科學教育上可能的應用方向。我們認為遺傳學對於科學教育可以提供積極且正面的啟發，特別是從精準教育以及表觀遺傳的應用角度。其中，表觀遺傳學是晚近遺傳學研究的主流。科學家已經知道有許多表觀遺傳因子可以在不改變基因序列的前提下，改變基因的表現。換句話說，我們可以推想，如果學習者帶有不利於學習的弱勢基因，我們提供的教育策略或許可以透過表觀遺傳，將弱勢基因的表現翻轉。這樣的改變甚至可能遺傳到學習者的下一代。目前教育遺傳學研究領域仍處於相當初期的萌芽階段，具有高度不確定性。但是，唯有站在科學的觀點上積極投入研究，我們才有機會瞭解，可以運用什麼科學教育處方來改善先天的遺傳對科學學習的影響。

The existing literatures support that "genetics" stands as the most influential factor in scientific learning, carrying an impact of approximately 60%. Theoretically, incorporating students' genetic information into instructional planning is anticipated to have a more effective impact on their scientific learning. However, historical perspectives have suggested that humans are unable to alter the influence of genetics on us, and our understanding of how genetics shapes science learning remains constrained. This paper aims to present recent strategies and techniques in genetics that could be applied to the field of science education. We believe that genetics can act as a positive catalyst for science education, especially when considered from the perspectives of precision education and epigenetics. Scientists now recognize that epigenetic factors can alter gene expression without changing the gene sequence. We could envision it as follows: if students possess genes that are detrimental to learning, our educational strategies may potentially reverse the expression of these disadvantageous genes through epigenetics, without intervening in the gene sequence. The field of educational genetics research remains fraught with uncertainty. Only through active participation in research can we have the opportunity to comprehend what scientific educational prescriptions we can employ to ameliorate the impact of genetics on our scientific learning.