由臺灣中老年長期追蹤調查結果探討行動能力下降趨勢與危險因子

Exploring the Trend of Declining Mobility and Risk Factors: Insights from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA)

10.6168/FJCP.202401_32(1).0006

黃淑萍(Shu-Ping Huang)；黃瀅璇(Ying-Hsuan Huang)；陳君敏(Chun-Min Chen)

中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查 ； 老年人 ； 行動能力下降 ； Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) ； elderly ； mobility decline

臺灣臨床藥學雜誌

32卷1期（2024 / 01 / 31）

56 - 64

繁體中文;英文

目的：本研究藉由全國的中老年人問卷調查研究，探討臺灣地區老年人在4年期間行動能力演變趨勢。主要結果評估疾病對行動能力下降的影響，次要結果評估行動能力下降對於醫療資源應用的增加程度。方法：本研究為回溯性研究，利用衛生福利部衛生福利資料科學中心提供之2011年及2015年中老年調查資料，探討臺灣地區中老年人行動能力變化。研究資料包括受訪者的基本資料、一年內住院及急診就醫情形及日常活動量表，量表分數愈高代表行動能力愈差。利用多元羅吉斯回歸進行分析，找出影響活動能力下降的主要危險因子。結果：本研究於2011年納入3,727名受訪者，2015年再度對其中2,865人（76.9%）進行追蹤調查。受訪者中，女性1,470人（51.3%），男性1,395人（48.7%）。2011年的日常活動量表平均分數為4.4±6.7，2015年上升至6.14±8.4。1221人（46.6%）出現活動能力下降。多元邏輯斯迴歸分析結果顯示，影響活動能力下降的主要危險因子包括女性（Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.08-1.48）、高血壓（OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.34-1.86）、髖骨骨折（OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.05-2.46）以及白內障（OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.60-2.21）。結論：近五成老年人的行動能力會隨著年齡呈現下降趨勢。當老年人行動能力下降，其醫療資源的使用是有顯著的增加，不論是住院人數、人次或天數，還是急診就醫人數與人次。

Objective: This study utilizes data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) to explore the trend of declining mobility among the elderly. Analyzing TLSA survey results over a four-year period, the research aims to assess the impact of various factors on the observed decrease in mobility among the elderly. Methods: A retrospective data analysis approach was employed. Information from both the 2011 and 2015 TLSA surveys was extracted. The dataset included demographics, medical service utilization within one year, and a daily activity scale. A higher cumulative score indicated a lower level of mobility. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the primary risk factors contributing to declining mobility. Results: In 2011, a total of 3,727 participants were surveyed, with a subsequent follow-up in 2015 that included 2,865 of these participants (76.9%). Among these, 1,470 were female (51.3%), and 1,395 were male (48.7%). The average score on the daily activity scale increased from 4.4 ± 6.7 in 2011 to 6.14 ± 8.4 in 2015. Approximately 46.6% (1,221 individuals) exhibited a decline in mobility. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that factors influencing declining mobility included being female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.48), high blood pressure (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.34-1.86), hip fractures (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.05-2.46), and cataracts (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.60-2.21). Conclusions: The study emphasizes that nearly half of the elderly population experiences a decline in mobility. When the mobility of the elderly declines, their utilization of medical services significantly increases.