Is Our Monetary Structure a Systemic Cause for Financial Instability? Evidence and Remedies from Nature

Bernard Lietaer；Robert E. Ulanowicz；Sally J. Goerner；Nadia McLaren

sustainability ； efficiency ； resilience ； biodiversity ； ecosystems ； complexity theory ； financial instability ； economic sustainability ； complementary currencies

Journal of Futures Studies

14卷3期（2010 / 03 / 01）

89 - 107

英文

Fundamental laws govern all complex flow systems, including natural ecosystems, economic and financial systems. Natural ecosystems are practical exemplars of sustainability: enduring, vital, adaptive. The sustainability of any complex flow system can be measured with a single metric as an emergent property of its structural diversity and interconnectivity; it requires a balance in emphasis between efficiency and resilience. The urgent message for economics from nature is that the monoculture of national currencies, justified on the basis of market efficiency, generates structural instability in our global financial system. Economic sustainability therefore requires diversification in types of currencies, specifically through complementary currencies.