生物技術、資訊處理與網絡節點：蝴蝶蘭的跨界產銷網絡

Biotechnology, Information and Nodes of Networks: Cross-border Production-and-Trade Network of Taiwanese Phalaenopsis Industry

10.30008/CD.200003.0002

劉昭吟(Chao-Yin Liu)；林德福(Te-Fu Lin)

蝴蝶蘭 ； 生物技術 ； 資訊處理 ； 產銷網絡 ； 區段 ； 節點 ； Phalaenopsis ； biotechnilogy ； production-trade network ； segment ； node

城市與設計學報

11&12期（2000 / 03 / 01）

39 - 65

繁體中文

本文以台灣蝴蝶蘭產業為研究對象，從科司特的網絡社會的理論出發，試圖理解全球化下的農業區域發展的特殊性。研究認為，蝴蝶蘭產業乃是特定歷史社會脈絡下，新市場開拓、生物技術應用以及資訊處理能力的交織互動過程。生物技術的研發與應用，使蝴蝶蘭產業的生產力，從品種、土壤（空間）與產期（生物時間）的束縛中解放出來；生產者的資訊處理能力，使蝴蝶蘭產業得以類工業產品地以空間組織生物時間與上市時間（商機），形構幾何多邊的產銷網絡的區域發展。然而，蝴蝶蘭此種有生命的活植物商品特性，形塑其不同於工業產品的網絡組織方式，也賦予其特定的限制。一方面，氣候成為生產成本的重要考量，成為區域能否成為網絡中的區段的重要因素。另一方面，活商品的生命的最佳狀態的維持，使得作用者必須同時具備生產與貿易的能力。於是，當地方空間的氣候條件適宜蝴蝶蘭的生長，地方文化特殊性具備孕育創新能力的作用者，以及作用者透過選擇性地技術移轉與資訊處理以支配產銷網絡時，地方空間遂也對應地成為蝴蝶蘭產銷網絡中有價值的區段，即網絡節點。

This study concerns agricultural regional development in globalization. Taking Taiwan's Phalaenopsis industry as a case study, the emergence of Phalaenopsis production is a complicated process where historical and social context, market expansion, application of biotechnology and information treatment are interwoven. Due to progress of biotechnology, productivity of Phalaenopsis can be liberated from restrictions on varieties, culture medium and climate. Improved by telecommunication technology, producers are able to respond to production-and-trade information instantly and organize a cross-border flexible production network. However, characteristics of live commodity make the production network of Phalaenopsis has its own specificity distinct from manufacturing industries. On the one hand, climate and distance from market play a role on production location because they fundamentally influence energy expense of greenhouses, distribution cost and the prices determined by the blooming state of plants. On the other hand, as a kind of commodity, varieties of Phalaenopsis on the market should be changed, up grated and innovated very frequently. So based on innovative milieu, technology advantages, selective technology transfer of cross-border investment, which are embedded in locally environmental, historical, and social specificity, production-and-trade network of Phalaenopsis has been expanded and Taiwan has become one of the most valuable segments, dominating node, of the network.

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